614
AUSTKIA-HUNGARY
Branches of Net Expenditure
Ordinary
Extraordinary! Total
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Ministry of War { ^^J; ';;
Ministry of Finance
Board of Control
Crowns
16,200,484
372.380,5.S1
67,714,150
4.697,872
344,466
Crowns } CroAvns
247,619 16,457,103 5.286,140 1 377.666,071 4,043,060; 71,757,210
—; 4,697,872
— 1 344,466
1
Total ....
461,346,503 (19,222,771/.)
9,576.819 1 470,923,322 (399,034?.) 1 (19,0-21,805?.)
By law of December 24, Austria and Hungary.
1867, no loans are contracted jointly by
Defence
I. Frontier.
Austria-Hungary lies in the heart of Europe, The land frontier is formed in the W. by Bavaria, the Canton of St. Gallen, Liechtenstein, the Canton Graubiinden, and Italy; in the S. by Italy, ilontenegro, Turkey, Servia, and Rumania; in the E. by Rumania in the N.E, and N. by Russia; in the N. by Prussia, and in the N.W. by Saxony.
Natural frontiers are the Fichtel Mountains, the Bcilunerwald, the Inn, and the Salzach towards Bavaria; the Saale, the Alps, and the Rhine towards St. Gallen; the High Alps towards Graiibiinrlen and Italy; the Lago di Garda and Carnic Alps also towards Italy; towards Turkey, the Dinaric Alps, the Unna and Save; toAvards Sorvia, Save and Danube; towards Rumania, tl.e South-East, and East Carpathians; towards Russia, the Dniester and Vistula; towards Prussia, the Riesen and Iser Gebirge; towards Saxony, the Erz-Gebirge.
The following are the chief territorial defences: — In Galicia: Cracow, fortified and entrenched camp at Przemysl. Hungary, on the left of the Tisza, Oyulafehervar, Arad, and Temesvar; on the Danube, Komarom, Petervarad, and Orsova. In Dalmatia is the coast fortification of Cattaro; in Istria, Pola, fortified naval harbour. The Alpine frontiers in Tyrol have defences on all the routes, and also between Tyrol and the Adriatic. Serajevo is a fortified place. The Austrian capital, Vienna, and the Hungarian capital, Budapest, are undefended. Pola, the chief naval port, is strongly fortified, both towards sea and land, and has been recently enlarged, so as to be able to accommodate the entire fleet. The arsenal of the imperial and royal navy is also in Pola; Triest is the great store- house, and there is also an arsenal of the navy.
II, Army.
The peculiar Constitution of the Dual Monarchy is reflected in the organisation of its military forces. The first line of the Austro-Plungarian army is under the common government, and is known as the ' Common ' Army, which includes the troo])S raised in the newly annexed Provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austrian Landwehr and Landsturm are, however, entirely sejiarate from the Hungarian Landwehr (Honved) and the Hungarian Land.sturm (Nepfolkeles). The two latter form the Hungarian national army.
Military service is compulsory arid universal throughout the Empire, extending to all races, inckidingthe Mahomedans of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Liability extends fiom the 19th year to end of the 42nd year. Actual service usually commences in the 21st year. In the Common Army, con- tinuous service is, according to the law XXX of 1912, for 2 years (3 years for cavalry and horse artillery), followed by 10 years in the reserve (3 years with colours and 7 in reserve for cavalry and horse artillery), and then 2 years in the reserve of the Landwehr; 12 years altogether.
