RELIGION — INSTRUCTION — JUSTICE, CRIME, PAUPERISM 707
Immigratiou is small, but is encouraged by the Government. The number of immigrants in 1910 was 2,543 ; in 1911, 1,711. Colonies (agricultural settlements) are encouraged, and their number and importance are increasing.
Religion.
The Roman Catholic religion is maintained by the State, but according to the Constitution all religions are respected and protected. There is one archbishop (Santiago), three bishops, and two vicars apostolic.
Instruction.
Education is gratuitous and at the cost of the State, but is. not com- pulsory. Professional and secondary instruction is provided in the Uni- versities (one belonging to the State, the other a Catholic university) and the National Institute of Santiago, and in the lyceums and colleges estab- lished in the capitals of provinces, and in some departments. In the State University the branches included are theology, law, and political science, medicine and pharmacy, physical and mathematical sciences, philosophy, literature, and the fine arts. In 1911, in the 2 Universities there were 2,685 matriculated students studying law, mathematics, medicine, phar- macy, dentistry, and nursing. In the same year 41 liceos for boys and 36 for girls had 1,033 teachers and 20,329 matriculated students (12,052 males and 8,277 females). There are 15 normal schools with 262 teachers and 2,322 students, besides one belonging to the Archbishopric with 74 students. There are many institutions for technical instruction. The Agricultural Institute has 94 students and there are 6 other schools for different agricultural subjects. There are mining schools at La Serena, Santiago, and Copiapo. Ten commercial schools have 2,296 pupils. There are schools of industry, of design, of electric work, of hygienic work, of mechanics, of modelling. Among the professional schools are 29 for girls with 236 teachers and 4,084 students. The Society for the Development of the Textile Industries maintains 14 schools with 902 pupils. There were in 1911, 2,896 public primary schools, with 375,274 pupils, an average attendance of 138,326, and 4,829 teachers. In addition the private schools receiving assistance from the Government had 36,577 scholars, and those receiving no assistance had 30,385 teachers. Other educational institutions are the Paedagogic Insti- tute, the National Conservatory of Music, the National Observatory, School of Arts and Trades, Institute for Deaf Mutes, School for the Blind, and public museums. The National Library contains 135,494 volumes. The cost of maintaining the public primaiy schools in 1910 was 7,317,885 pesos. There are 254 newspapers and journals published in Chile, including 63 dailies and 113 weeklies.
Justice, Crime, Pauperism.
There are, in addition to a High Court of Justice iu the capital, seven Courts of Appeal distributed over the Republic, Tribunals of First Instance in the departmental capitals, and subordinate courts in the districts. In 1910, 548 children (443 boys and 105 girls) were sent to the 2 cor- rectional schools; 41,827 offenders (6,632 women) were bent to prison;
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