KELIGION AND INSTRUCTION — CRIME— FINANCE 828
The following statistics of moveiDent of popnlation are given for 1910 :—
—
Marriages
Divorces
Births
Deaths
European . Musulman .
5,605 35,680
21,378 127,257
13,003 93,816
Total
41,294
—
148,635
106,810
Still-births are included in births and deaths. The European still-births numbered 676 ; Musulman, 1,326.
The chief towns with the total communal population in 1911 were : Alger, 172,397; Oran, 123,086; Constantine, 65,173; Bone, 42,039; Sidi- bel- Abbes, 30,942 ; Tlemgen, 39,874 ; Mostaganem, 23,166 ; jVIascara, 24,254 : Blida, 35,461; Philippeville, 27,137; Setif, 26,261.
Religion and Instruction.
The native population is entirely Musulman, the Jews being now regarded as French citizens. The Roman Catholic Church has an archbishop "and 2 bishops, with 386 officiating clergymen. There are 21 Protestant pastors and 7 Jewish rabbis sharing in Government grants.
At Algiers (city) there is an institution for higher instruction attended in 1911 by 1,292 students (809 for Law, 211 Medicine and Pharmacy, 108 Science, 164 Letters) ; Professors (1911), 102. There are higher Musulman schools (inedersas) at Algiers, Tlem§en, and Constantine, where 213 pupils in 1911 were prepared for native employments. In Algeria there are 22 establishments for secondary instruction with (1911) 5,988 pupils (4,411 boj-s and 1,577 girls). In 1911 there were 1,235 primary and infant schools, public and private, with 3,026 teachers and 141,537 pupils, inclusive of 226 Musulman schools. There were four normal schools for men teachers with 25 professors and 110 students (70 Musulman), and six normal schools for women teachers with 22 professors and 218 students. The estimated expen- diture on public instruction by the State was, for 1911, 8,861,798 francs.
Crime.
There is an Appeal Court at Algiers, and in the arrondissements are 16 courts of first instance. There are also commercial courts and justices of the peace with extensive powers. Criminal justice is organised as in France for Europeans. Since 1902 there have been criminal courts and special repres- sive tribunals for trying natives accused of crime. In 1911, 3,502 persons were arrested for various crimes. On December 31, 1911, the number in- carcerated was 5,876, including 33 females.
Musulman justice is administered to natives by the Cadis in the first instance with an appeal to French courts.
Finance.
The natives pay only direct taxes. The departments of War and Marine are excluded from the estimates, but the proceeds of the military tax, the Government monopolies, and some other revenues are paid to France. The total expenditure (including military and extraordinary disbursements^ exceeds the Algerian revenue by about 75,000,000 francs. The budget estimates for 1911 showed revenue 144,549,940 francs, and expenditure
