PRODUCTION AND IN'D
101H
boats. Tki e:> include 2 ex-German and 7 ex-Aus-trian. The
iubuiarines number 'ubout 65, but 14 older boats are to be sold A large number of motor submarine chasers were built.
mitoitifbl In Uruno, Carto, ('ueeo, Monfaleont mnd Vk I tons,
2 15in., 4 ISpr. and 6 light guns.
The personnel normally consists of oTer 1,000 officers and 40,000 meu, but the numbers have been reduced.
Production and Industry. I. Agriccltcrk.
The systems of cultivation iu Italy maybe reduced to three: — 1. The system of peasant proprietorship (coltivarione per eoonomia o a mano propria) ; 2. That of partnership (colonia parziaria) : 3. That of rent (amtto). Peasant proprietorship is most common in Piedmont and Liguria, but is found in many other parts of Italy. The system of partnership or colonia parziaria, more especially iu the form of mexaadria, consists in a form of partnership u the proprietor and the cultivator. This system is general in Tuscany, the Marches, and Un.bria. It is almost unknown in the Basilicata, little practised in Apulia, Calabria, and Sardinia, and has been entirely abandoned iu the two most advanced centres of cultivation in the south, viz. : — Bareseand the province of Naples. Various modifications of the system exist in different parts of Italy. The system of rent affitto) exists in Lombardyand Venetia. Large fauna (la grande coltura) exist iu the neighbourhood of Vereelli, Pavia, Milan, Cremona, Chioggia, Ferrara, Grosseto, Rome, Caserta, and in Apulia, the Basilicata, Calabria, aud at Girgenti and Trapani in Sicily. In Italv generally the land is much subdivided.
The area of Italy comprises 71,652,592 acres. Of this area 65,995,000 acres are under crops and 5,662.500 acres are waste.
Number of proprietor? in Italv, 1911 : — Proprietors of lands, 1,326,736 ; of buildings, 732,484; of lands and buildings, 1.737,341; total, 3,796,561. Proprietors of lands and buildings (3,796,561) per 100 of population, 11 ; proprietors of lauds (3,064,077) per square mile, 27.
The principal crops for 3 years were as follows : —
torotf*
Produce in cwts.
lflll
1010
1920
1918
1910
1920
Wheat .
10,914,250
10,694,000
99,776.000
-*5,000
Barley
MM K)
485,500
500.000
4,218,000
3,026.000
2,556,000
Oats .
t,DM4G
1,143.790
13,166,000
10,080,000
•i2,00u
Ri«
273. OQ'J
2.65S.000
2.322.000
2,306,000
.
3.J9S.000
3,753,250
43.4
43,366,000
Rice
346,000
929,390
10,470,000
34,000
9,024,000
Beans .
1,077,000
979,000
l,i. 63,000
8,362,000
18, 000
5.190.000
Potatoes
747,450
7tt,500
28,li»S,000
-o.OOO
58,440,000
■Hkr Beet-
root .
107,000
107,500
115,000
njno, oo
28,000,000
24,000,000
Vines i .
7,261,000
10,759,000
—
'..237,632
726.000
930,468
Olives i .
5,750,000
- >,73>.,7JO
—
352,000
418,000
1 Produce in thousand .'allow.
In 1918 Italy had 989.786 horses, 949. 1 62 asses, 496,743 mules, 6,239,741 eattl*. 24,02* buffaloes, 2,388,926 pigs, 11,753,910 sheep, and 3,082,558 goats.
