FORMO-\ 1057
of 3,698,918(1,819,701 males and 1,779,217 females). OeMtu popnlation 1920, 3,654,398. The chief towns are Taihoku (102,249 inhabitants), Tainan, Kagi and Taichu.
Many improvements hare been effected by the Japanese administration. A colonising scheme was commenced in 1909, whereby Japanese were settled in Taiwan. There are four villages containing (1916), 652 families con- sisting of 3,268 persons. An educational system has been established for Japanese and natives, for whom there are 1915- 631 elt-mentary and other schools with 2,207 teachers and 78,653 pupils. There are also normal schools, a medical school, and a school for teaching the Japanese language to natives, and native languages to Japa:
The receipts of the Japanese administration are from inland taxes customs, public undertakings, and also subsidies from Japan ranging from 5 to 9 million yen annually. The expenditure is chiefly for internal adminis- tration and the working of public undertakings.
— 191" 1918-191 1919-20
Ten Vr Tea Ten Ten
Revenue . . 5o.765,6S3 65,425.-:. 429 70.30. r ". 1.263
Expenditure . 42,686,562 46,166,559 55.261.429 70.305,452 94.4."
B*timate«.
The agricultural products of Formosa are rice, tea, sugar, sweet potatoes, ramie, jute, turmeric ; while camphor is worked in the forests under a Government monopoly. The production oi camphor was in 1. 4,297,662 lbs. ; in 1918-19, 3,122,733 lbs. ; in 1919-20, 2.933.333 lbs. ; in -1920-21, 4,000,000 lbs. There are active fisheries. The number of animals is estimated as follows : — sheep, 90 : goats, 14,000 ; rattle, 130,000 ; caribou, 260,000. The industries comprise flour- milling, sugar, tobacco : oil, spirits, iron-work, glass, bricks, soap, and many other manufactures. Mining is making steady progress ; the output of coal in 1918 was 801,520 tons. In 1919, the area planted with sugar was 286.348 acres, and the yield 6,868,779,636 pounds. There are 37 sugar mills in Taiwan.
The commerce of Formosa is largely with Japan, the chief foreign countries with which there is traffic being China and the United States. In 1919 the imports from Japan amounted to 90,526,766 ven ; exports, 141.885,540 yen. The chief exports in 1919 were tea, 8,*206,664 yen ; sugar, 7,542,252 yen ; camphor, 3,073,735 yen ; coal, 8,037,334 yen. The cliief imports were opium, 6,433,950 yen ; rice, 7,728.376 yen ; oil-cake, beans and tea-seed, 10,260,723 yen.
In 1919, 2757 vessels, of 1,117,899 tons entered and cleared the ports of Taiwan.
Roads have been and are being constructed throughout the Island. There were in 1918-19 345 miles of railway open. In 1919 there were 166 post offices, through which passed 49,009,1*42 packets and 770,018 parcels. The telegraph service has 165 offices ; length of line 692 miles : oi wire, miles ; messages (1919), 2.388,891. Telephone line, 987 miles; calls, 30,376,733.
At the end of 1919 the post office savings bank had 358,204 depositors with 5,518,178 yen to their credit
The coinage current in the Island is that of Japan.
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