to be the dominant religion. The figures relating to the proportion of people professing different religions are as follows:—
| Territories. | Roman Catholics. |
Greek Catholics. |
Protestants. | Greek Orthodox. |
Jews. | Others. |
| Former Russian Poland (1913) |
9,842,428 | — | 698,804 | 484,249 | 1,954,644 | 75,088 |
| Galicia (1910) | 3,731,569 | 3,379,613 | 37,144 | — | 871,895 | 5,454 |
| Duchy of Posen (1910) | 1,422,238 | — | 646,580 | — | 26,512 | 4,501 |
| West Prussia (1910) | 882,695 | — | 789,081 | — | 13,954 | 17,744 |
The percentage of the different religions in the whole territory in the above table is as follows (the figures in brackets refer to the territory within the Curzon line):—Roman Catholic, 62.2 per cent. (66.8 per cent.); Greek Catholic, 12.1 per cent. (14.1 per cent.); Greek Orthodox, 9.3 per cent (2.2 per cent.); Jews. 11.0 per cent. (5.4 per cent.).
Poland is divided into the following Catholic Dioceses: the Metropolitan Archbishopric of Warsaw, the Archbishoprics of Lemberg and Posen, the Bishoprics of Cracow, Wloclawek, Plock, Lublin, Saudomir, Kielce, Sejny, Przemyśl, Tarnów, Vilna. The Archbishops of Warsaw and Posen are Cardinals. There are 3,071 churches and 5,448 priests in the former Russian and Austrian Poland alone. The Greek Catholic Church has an Archbishopric in Lemberg and two Bishoprics, Przemyśl and Stanislawów; there are 2,443 churches and 3,318 priests. The province of Teschen Silesia is under the Bishopric of Breslau (Germany).
Instruction.
The educational system of Poland has not yet been unified. Elementary education is free and compulsory. Of schools there were in former Russian Poland (figures for 1914) 6,867 elementary, with 461,474 pupils, and 289 secondary, with 67,400 pupils; in Galicia (figures for 1912), 6,151 elementary, with 1,336,407 pupils, and 130 secondary, with 42,250 pupils; in Posen (figures for 1911), 3,116 elementary, with 424,281 pupils, and 40 secondary, with 13,500 pupils; in West Prussia (figures for 1911), 3,100 elementary, with 316,000 pupils, and 56 secondary, with 1,700 pupils. There were also 318 technical schools, with 24,807 pupils, and 11 high schools, with 5,657 pupils, in Russian Poland (1913). 493 technical schools, with 45,259 pupils, in Galicia (1912), and 747 technical schools in Posen (1912).
There are 5 universities, viz., Cracow (founded 1384), Warsaw (1816), Lemberg (1661), Posen (1612 and 1919), Lublin (1919); 2 Polytechnics, at Warsaw and Lemberg, an Academy of Fine Arts at Cracow, 2 Veterinary Academies at Warsaw and Lemberg, 2 Academies of Agriculture at Dublany and Pulawy, Academy of Forestry at Lemberg, 2 Academies of Commerce at Cracow and Lemberg, an Academy of Mines at Cracow, and a purely scientific institution, the highest in Poland, the Academy of Science at Cracow.
Justice and Crime.
Each of the three component parts of Poland still has its seperate judiciary organisations. The unification of the courts of justice will be worked out by the Codification Commission appointed in November, 1919.
In Galicia the old Austriau courts were taken over by the Polish Ministry of Justice on January 1, 1919. In Posen the courts have the old German organisation, which is being taken over by the Special Department of Justice in the Ministry of Prussian Poland. The highest court in Poland with 3 judges sitting, is the Supreme Court in Warsaw, divided into 5
