1198 PORTUGAL
The territorial army has no cadres.
The Republican Guard, and the Fiscal Guard, are civil corps recruited from the army, the men of which can be employed in the field in war time. The Republican Guard is a military police, numbering about 5,000 men, of whom about 800 are mounted. The Fiscal Guard is a preventive service about 5,200 strong.
The arm of the Portuguese infantry is the Mauser-Vergueiro, a magazine weapon, calibre 6 - 5 mm. The field artillery is armed with 7 "5 cm. Schneider Canet guns.
With regard to over-sea garrisons, 2 line regiments of infantry (of 2 battalions) are normally stationed in the Azores, and 1 at Madeira. The latter has also a battalion of garrison artillery, and there are 2 in the Azores. Besides these troops, the Portuguese have a separate Colonial Army, partly- European and partly Native, which garrisons their possessions on the West Coast of Africa, in Mozambique, India, kc. The force consists of about 700 officers, about 3,000 European non-commissioned officers and men, and 9,000 natives, the Europeans being enlisted voluntarily, the natives compulsorily.
During the war 65,062 officers and men were sent to France. The casualties in France amounted to 1,862 killed, 5,224 wounded, and 6,678 prisoners. 31,500 European troops served in Angola and Mozambique; including natives, 150,000 troops were mobilized. The military estimates for 1919-1920 amount to 44,228,346 Escudos.
The navy of Portugal comprises : — 3 protected cruisers, Almirante Reis (4,253 tons), Adamastor (1,757 tons) ; Sao Gabriel (1,772 tons) ; four gunboats for Mozambique, a variety of old gunboats, a mine-layer, 4 transports, 2 training ships, the former royal yacht, 5 de Outubro (1,365 tons), some sloops, bought from the British Navy in 1920, 5 destroyers, 7 torpedo boats, 4 submarines, 1 steamer for torpedo and mine service.
The naval personnel is about 6,000.
Production and Industry.
Of the whole area of continental Portugal 26*2 per cent, is annually cultivated under cereals, pulse, pasture, etc. ; 35 per cent, is under vineyards ; 3 - 9 per cent, under fruit trees ; 17 "3 per cent, under forest ; 43'1 per cent, is waste. In Alemtejo and Estremadura and the mountainous districts of other provinces are wide tracts of waste lands, and it is asserted that many hectares, now uncultivated, are susceptible of cultivation.
The chief cereal and animal produce of the country are: — In the north, maize and oxen ; in the mountainous region, rye and sheep and goats ; in the central region, wheat and maize ; and in the south, wheat and swine, which fatten in the vast acorn woods. The production of wheat in 1919 was 4,767,665 bushels; of rye, 1,785,838 bushels; of oats, 3,037,831 bushels ; of barley, 1,009,780 bushels. Throughout Portugal wine is produced in large quantities. The area of vineyards in 1917 was 781,000 acres (720 acres in 1916), and the vintage for 1919 amounted to 96,641,160 gallons. Olive oil (area covered by olive trees about 825,000 acres ; annual production about 12,760,000 gallons of oil); figs; tomatoes are iargely produced, as arc oranges, onions, and potatoes. The production of wool in 1918-19 amounted to 6,244,684 pounds.
The forests cover 19 per cent, of the total nrea of the country ; pines extending to 1,909,663 acres; oaks, 898,833 acres; corks, 817,081 acres;
