1210
ROME, SEE AND CHURCH OF
Name
Office or Dignity
Cardinal-Priests — cont.
John Csernoch
Gustav Piffl
Andrew Francis Friih-
wirt . George Gusmini . Alfonso Maria Mi-
strangelo . Raphael Scapinelli di
Leguigiio . Petro Lafontaine Donato Sbaretti . Augustus Dubourg Charles Ernest Dubois Vittorio Amedeo 1
Ranuzzi de Bianchi . J Toinmaso Pio Boggiani Alessio Ascalesi Louis Joseph Maurin . Alexander Kakowski Edmund Dalbor Adolph Bertram John Soldevila y
Romero Francesco Ragonesi . Michael Faulhaber Dennis Dougherty Juan Benloch j Vivo . Francisco de Assis)
Vidal y Barraquer . J Karl Josef Schulte
Cardinal-Deacons : —
Gaetano Bisleti
Archbishop of Esztergom \ (Gran) . ]
,, Vienna
Archbishop of Bologna Archbishop of Florence
Patriarch of Venice
Archbishop of Rennes . Archbishop of Paris
Archbishop of Benevento Archbishop of Lyons Archbisl'op of Warsaw . Archbishop of Posen Archbishop of Breslau . Archbishop of Saragossa
Apostolic Nuncio in Spain Archbishop of Munich . Archbishop of Philadelphia Archbishop of Burgos .
Archbishop of Tarragona
Archbishop of Cologne .
Nationality
Commendatory Grand Prior of the Sovereign Order of Malta in Rome .
Louis Billot
Michele Lega . . j I
Francis Aidan Gasquet Nicolo Marini . . : Oreste Giorgi Th-odore Valfre di Uonzo
Prefect of the Holy Congre-"! gatiim . . . '. .J
August, Sili
Chamberlain of the Church
Hungarian Austrian . German . Italian
French Italian
French Polish
German . Spanish .
Spanish . German . American Spanish .
German
Italian
French
I talian
English Italian
Year of Birth
1852 1864 1845 1855 1852
1858
1860 1856 1842 1856
18D7
1F63 1872 1859 1863 18i - ,9 1S50 1843
1850 1869 1865 1864
186S
1871
1S46
1860
1846 1843 1856 1853 1S46
Year of Crea- tion
1914 1914 1915 1915 1915
1915
1916 1916 1916 1916
1916
1910 1916 1916 1919 1019 1910 1919
1921 1021 1921 1921
1921
1921
1911
1914
l'U-4 1016
1916 1919 1919
Though primarily belonging to the local Roman Church, the Cardinals, drawn from every nation of Christendom, are now regarded as Princes of the Church at large. Originally they were simply the parish rectors of Rome, or the deacons of Roman deaconries. In 1586 their number was finally settled by Sixtus V. at seventy. The Cardinals compose the Popo's Senate or Council and the various Sacred Congregations, govern the Church while the Apostolic See is vacant, and elect the deceased Pontiff's successor. They received the distinction of the red hat under Innocent IV., during the first General Council of Lyons, in 1246 ; and the title of Eminence from Urban VIII., in 1630.
The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church is carried on by a number of permanent committees called Sacred Congregations, composed of Cardinals, with Consultors and Officials. There are now eleven Sacred
