140 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — INDIA AND DEPENDENCIES
Of the total area under irrigation in 1918-19, 21,198,000 acres were irri- gated by canals; 7,268,000 acres by tanks; 14,216,000 acres by wells: and 4,501,000 acres by other sources. State irrigation works accounted for 25 million acres in 1918-19. The estimated value of crops grown on this area during the year amounted to about 92 6 millions sterling. In the case of irrigation works (as distinct from navigation canals), for which capital accounts are kept, the net revenue apart from charges for interest was 3,756,600*.
Livestock, in British India, census 1919-20 : oxen, 117,428,000 ; buffaloes, 28,493,000; sheep, 21,984,000; goats, 24,134,000; horses and ponies, 1,699,000 ; mules, 75,000 ; donkeys, 1,372,000 ; camels, 408,000.
Forests. — The lands under the direct control of the State Forest Department are classified as ' Reserved Forests' (forests intended to be permanently main- tained for the supply of timber, &c, or for the protection of water supply, &c), ' Protected Forests,' and ' Unclassed ' forest land. The following table shows the extent of these areas in 1918-19 : —
Bengal
United Provinces ....
Punjab
Burma
Bihar and Orissa ....
Assam
Central Provinces (including Berar).
Coorg
North-West Frontier Province .
Ajmer
Baluchistan (portions under Br. Ad.) An da mans and Nicobars .
Madras
Bombay (including Sind)
Total ....
Reserved Forests Sq. miles
311 109 ,336 ,747 ,495 ,64.0 520 236 142 313 85 ,712 ,100
Protected Unclassed Forests Forest land Sq. miles Sq. mile*
101,639
1,711 1,101 4,169
1,089
487
8,557
4,030
61
7«7
116,829
16,309
472 2,122
682
141,272
Total Sq. miles
10,629
7,473
7,045
146,165
2,836
21,804
111,645
520
236
142
785
2,207
19,394
12,687
251,468
The net revenue from the State forests in 1919-20 was about 2,192,000?. (i.e., taking Rs. 10 to the 11., or at Rs. 15, 1,461,000*.).
Industries. — The most important indigenous industry, after agriculture, is the weaving of cotton cloths. Other important indigenous industries are silk rearing and weaving, shawl and carpet weaving, wood-carving and metal- working. One of the most important industries connected with agriculture is the tea industry, the number of persons employed being about 972,000. The area under tea plucked in 1919-20 was about 643,000 acres, distributed ai follows: Assam, 389,700; Bengal, 163,200; Madras, 28,200; Punjab, 9,700 ; Agra, 7,700; Bihar and Orissa, 2,100; Upper Burma, 1,700 : and the Travancore State, 40,700. The production in 1919-20 was about 377 million pounds, against about 381 million pounds in 1918-19. The exports of Indian tia from British India (including the State of Travancore) in 1919-20 were:— to United Kingdom, 336,917,000 lb. ; Russia, 20,000 lbs. ; Canada, 8,300,000 lb.; China, 161,000 lb.; Australasia, 7,783,000 lb.; Ceylon, 1,721,000 1b.; Asiatic Turkey, 4,646,000 lb. ; United States, 6,594,000 lb. ; elsewhere (including exports across the land frontier), 15,892,000 lb. ; total, 382,034,000 lb.; against 326,646,000 lb, in 1918-19. (The production figures for 1919 20 are provisional.)
