170 THE BRITISH EMPIRE: — FEDERATED MALAY STATES
Christmas Island is 200 miles S.W. of Java and 700 miles E. of the Cocos Islands. It is 9 miles long and about 9 miles wide. The estimated population in 1918 was 2,180, most of the inhabitants, except the District Officer and his staff, being employed directly or indirectly by the company which works the enormous phosphate deposits which the island contains. Revenue, 1919, 3,051Z. ; expenditure, 1,490Z. Imports, 1917, 26, 581 I., chiefly machinery, tools, railway material, locomotives, and lorries ; exports, 137,541*!. The sole source of wealth of the Island is phosphate of lime; 53,370 tons were exported in 1918, and 68,621 tons in 1919. Tonnage entered and cleared, 1919, 81,197 tons ; 1918, 71,926 tons. There is a railway in the island
The island of Labuan lies about 6 miles from the north-west coast of Borneo, and since January 1, 1907, it has been incorporated with Singapore. Area 28£ sq. miles; the estimated population in 1918 was 6,848, mostly Malays from Borneo, with some Chinese traders and about 30 Europeans. Capital, Victoria, which has about 1,500 inhabitants. Revenue, 1919, 4,469/. expenditure, 9,5581. Shipping entered and cleared, 1919, 141,686 tons.
THE FEDERATED MALAY STATES.
The Federated Malay States of Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang, which occupy a large portion of the Malay Peninsula, are under British protection. The officer administering the Government of the Straits Settlements is ex officio H.M.'s High Commissioner for these States and the other Malay States in the British sphere.
High Commissioner. — Sir Lawrence Nunns Guillemard, K.C.B., K.C.M.G.
Chief Secretary to Government. —
The following are the Rulers and Residents of the four States : —
Ruler of Perak. — H. H. Sultan Iskandar Shah. Resident. — W. G.
Maxwell, C.M.G. Ruhr of Selangor. — H.H. Sultan Sir Ala'u'd-din Sulaiman Shah,
K.C.M.G. Resident.— A. H. Lemon, C.M.G. Ruler of Negri Sembilan. — H. H. Yang di-peituan Besar Sir Muhammad, K.C.M.G. Resident.— A. H. Lemon, C.M.G. (J. R, O. Aldworth, acting.) Rider of Pahang. — H.H. Sultan Abdullah. Resident. — C. W. C. Parr,
O.B.E.
In Perak, Selangor, and Sungai Ujong, which State was subsequently amalgamated with other States to form the Confederation of Negri Sem- bilan, Residents were appointed in 1874, with a staff of European officers whose duty was to aid the native rulers by advice, and to exercise executive functions. The supreme authority in each State is vested in the Slate Council, consisting of the Sultan, the Resident, the Secretary to the Resi- dent, and some ot the principal Malay chiefs and Chinese merchants. The Residents are under the control of the Chief Secretary and the High Commissioner.
In 1883 the relations of the Straits Settlements with the small Native States on the frontier of Malacca were consolidated. These States were con- federated in 1889, under the name of Negri Sembilan (signifying Nine States). In January, 1895, Sungai Ujong (including Jelebu, which had been
