RELIGION AND INSTRUCTION
261
Scattered throughout the country there hare existed from time im- memorial a number of indigenous schools called 'Maktabs. ' In 1897, th« Ministry of Education endeavoured to bring these independent ' Maktabs ' voluntarily under Departmental supervision by means of a system of inspection and reward. Government aid was made dependent upon daily instruction being given in reading, writing, and arithmetic, apart from any religious teaching, and upon the school reaching a satisfactory level of efficiency. The extent to which the scheme has developed is shown in the following table :
Tear
1918-14
1315-1(5 1918-17
1017-18
Maktabs awarded grants-in-aid and under inspection
3,744 3,970 8.8M
3,534 3.271
8,188
Since 1913 the grants-in-aid to maktabs situated within the areas governed by Provincial Councils have been paid from the funds of the Councils.
The following table gives statistics (corrected to February, 1920), concerning the schools under the immediate direction of the Egyptian Government in 1897 and 1920 respectively. The schools marked with an asterisk are under Departments other than the Ministry of Education.
Higher Colleges : — Medicine and Pharmacy •Law
Jneering . •Military •Yeterinary . Teaching
- School for Qadis
culture . Accountancy and Commerce
Special and Technical Schools :—
Agriculture (Intermediate)
School for Qadis (Intermediate)
Accountancy & Commerce (Inter mediate)
Technical (Intermediate)
School of Egyptian Aits & Crafts
Trades (Elementary)
Teaching (Elementary)
Domestic Economy .
Nurses and midwives •Police .... •Reformatory Schools Secondary Schools Higher Primary Schools Higher Elementary Schools . Maktabs (Elementary Vernacular
Schools) Infant Schools .
1897
1920
Schools
Pupils
Schools
Male Female
40
75
29
204
7-:
612 ,S30
Pupils Male I Female
270
353
810
90
19
448
107
99
77
10S 166
290 236 34 619 261
95 590
2,525
S.6C9
152
i
111,913
170
477 77 46
578 303
9,243
