PENSIONS — JUSTICE — FINANCE — PRODUCTION. ETC. 317
also a Normal School for the training of teachers. The Provincial Technical College graDts degrees in civil, mining, chemical and electrical engineering. Besides this central institution there are working under it coal mining schools near all the collieries, and engineering and technical schools of various kinds in the industrial centres.
The total expenditure on education in 1919 was 2,097,593 dollars. The Proviucc has (1919) 4 universities ; 2,812 schools, with 3,000 teachers and 107,000 pupils ; there are 2,600 pupils in the technical schools.
Pensions, &C. — A pension scheme is in operation whereby teachers under certain conditions receive an annuity. Miners receive pay in case of ac- cident in pursuit of their calling, and in the event of death a grant is made to the widow and children. A fund is provided to meet the demands, the Government and the employers paying each half as much as the men.
Justice and Crime. — Justice in Nova Scotia is administered by the following courts : Courts for the collection of small debts ; county courts ; inferior courts in criminal cases ; courts of superior jurisdiction ; divorce court, probate courts. The supreme court of appeal is composed of a chief justice and six judges. There are also Courts for the revision of assessment rolls and voters lists, and a Court for juvenile delinquents.
In 1918, 2,300 persons were imprisoned for various crimes and misdemea- nours. In 1919, 283 children were brought before the court for juvenile de- linquents. Of these 61 were sent to institutions ; 156 were paroled ; 43 fined ; 23 were dismissed.
Finance. — In Nova Scotia there is no general direct Government taxation. The revenue is raised from the Dominion subsidy ; royalty on coal and other minerals raised ; succession duty ; special taxes on banks, incorporated companies, automobiles and theatres, marriage licences, and statutory fees.
Revenue, expenditure, and debt for five years : —
Year
Revenn*
Expenditure
Debt
Dollars
Dollars
Dollars
1914
1,885,457
2,098.893
12.615,686
1918
2,165,158
2,132,134
13,497,894
1917
2,118.618
2,318,911
13,910.236
1918
2.332.632
14.527 798
1919
3,280,313
3,250,806
15,342,055
To counterbalance the public debt the Province had (1919) realisable assets to the value of 7,062,695 dollars.
Production and Industry. — Nova Scotia is largely an agricultural Province. Fruit-growing is specially profitable, and apples are the most important fruit grown ; in 1920 the output was nearly 2,000,000 barrels. The potatoes produced are higher in quality than any others raised in Canada. Nova Scotia is admirably adapted for dairying. The value of the livestock products in 1919 was more than 9,500."000 dollars. There were 1920) 398,000 cattle in the Province. Owing to the cool, moist climate fodder may be raised easily, and the pastures are excellent There were 264,000 isheep. The annual clip is over 1,000,000 lbs. Pigs numbered 64,008 and |horses 68,000 in 1920.
The total area under cultivation in 1920 was 920,000 acres, and the value ••reduced, 47,847,000 dollars. The principal crops are hay and clover, with
