MONET AND CURRENCY — BOOKS OF REFERENCE 665
Pass to Ghazni and Kelat-i-Ghilati ; from Chaman, the terminus of the North- n Railway beyond Qnetta, to Kandahar and thence to Kabul or Herat.
There are no railways in the country. The Khaibar and Bolan road* are fit for light wheeled traffic as far as Kabul and Kandahar respectively. There is no wheeled carriage, except artillery, proper to the country, and mer- chandise is still transported on camel or pony back. There are practically no navigable rivers in Afghanistan, and timber is the only article of com- merce conveyed by water, floated down stream in rafts. Telephonic communication exists between Dakka, Jalalabad and Kabul, a distance of 136 miles, and it is being extended to Kandahar.
Money and Currency —The Kabuli rupee is the usual currency, though Government demands are often paid in kind. Currency notes of local manufacture in denominations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 rupees, were intro- duced in July, 1920.
The Amir's mint at Kabul was for some years under the supervision of a European. The current coins in Kabul are Dinar, Paisa, Shahi, Sannar or Misqdli, 'Abbasi, Qaran, Rupee and Tuman. Dinar and Tuman are legendary coins intended for purposes of calculation only. Paisa and Shahi are copper coins, and Misqali, 'Abbasi, Qaran and Rupee are silver coin*.
10 Dinar = 1 Paisa or Taka.
5 Paisa = 1 Shahi.
2 Shahi = 1 Sannar, Saddinar or Misqali
1 Sannar = 1 Abbaai.
1J 'abbasi = 1 Quran. ■2 Qaran = 1 Rupee. 20 Rupee* = 1 T
One Kabuli rupee is equal to about eightpence at the normal rate of exchange between Afghanistan and India.
Books of Reference.
Imperial Gazetteer of India— Afghanistan and Nepal. 1908.
Accounts relating to the trade by Land of British India with Foreign Countries, annual. Calcutta.
Parliamentary Papers, Afghanistan, 1873-1899.
Treaty between the British Government and the Amir of Afghanistan, dated March 21, 1900. Lomloi ..
The Second Afghan War, 1S78-8T. Prepared in the Intelligence Branch of the Indian Army Headquarters. London, 1908.
Bellew (H. W), Afghanistan and the Afghans, London, 1879 ; and The Races of Afghanis- tan, 1880.
Curton (Hon. G. NA Russia in Central Asia. (Contains bibliography.] London
Daly (Mrs. Kate), Eight Years amonn the Afghans. London, 1905.
Flp'hmttone (Hon. M.), An account of the Kir.gdom of Caubul and its Depend London. 1815.
Forbet (A.), The Afghan Wars, 1839-42 and 1S7S-80. London, 1892.
Qray (T.), At the Court of the Ameer New ed. London, 1901.
Hamilton (Angus), Afghanistan. London. 1900.
Hanna (Ci>1. IL B ). The Second Afghan War. Westminster, 1899.
Holdick (Col. >ir T. H.). The Indian Borderland, 1880-1900. London, 1901.
Laeotte (B. de), Armmd Afghanistan. London, 1909.
itaeHahon (A EL). The Southern Borderlands of Afghanistan. London, 1897.
Malleton (G. B.), History of Afghanistan. 2nd edition. 1879.
Mar-in (F. A.), Under the Absolute Emir. New York and London, 1907.
Noyce (F.), England, India, and Afghanistan. London, 1902.
Pennele (P. L.), Among the Wild Tribes of the Afghan Frontier. London, 1911.
Robert i (Field-Marshal Lord), Fortv-nine Years in India. London, 1897.
RoberUon (Sir G. S.). The Ka8r of the Hindu Kush. London, 1890.
SaJ«(G.), Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan in 1841-42. London, 1843.
Starr (L. A.), Frontier Folk of the Afghan Border. (An Album of Illustrations.) London, 1921.
Suit ,\n Mahomed Khan (Mir Munshi) (Editor), The Life of Abdur Rahman. Amir of Afghanistan. 2vols. London. 1900.— Constitution and Laws of Afghanistan. London, 1910.
Tote (G. P.), The Kingdom of Afghanistan. Bombay, 1911.
Thornton (Mr. and Mrs.), Leares from an Afghan Scrap Book. London, 1910. Wheeler (8. E.). The Ameer Abdur Rahman. London, 1895.
Ta(e(MajorC. E), Northern Afghanistan. London, 1818.
