JUSTICE — FINANCE
671
Primary education is free (subsidised by the General and Provincial Governments), secular and compulsory for children from 6 to 14 years of age. Population of school age (1920), 1,756,053, of whom 1,076,045 attended schooL Of the total population over 7 years of age, 35'1 per cent, were illiterate. There were (1919) 9,268 primary public schools, 7,801 being public and 1,285 private, with 1,190,231 pupils and 86,615 teachers. The secondary or preparatory education is controlled by the general Government, which maintains 42 national colleges with 11,022 pupils and 1,244 teachers. Side by aide with the Government colleges there are also 33 private institutions of the same grade, with 2,959 pupils and 398 teachers. There are 82 normal schools with 14,202 pupils and 1,843 teachers ; 37 for special instruction (commercial, industrial, artistic, also for the blind, &c.) with 11,081 pupils and 1,034 teachers. There are national universities at Cordoba (founded 1613), with 1,506 students in 1918 ; Buenos Aires (founded 1821), with 10,404 students ; La Plata (founded 1905), with 2,979 students ; and the National University of the Litoral, in Kosario (founded in 1920) ; and provincial universities at Santa Y6 and Tucuman (founded 1912). There is a well- equipped national observatory at C6rdoba, and another at La Plata, museums at Buenos Aires and La Plata, and a national meteorological bureau at Buenos Aires.
For 1920 the Government budgeted for education : 38,798,656 paper dollars on primary education ; 8,274,720 dollars on secondary ; 5,381,424 dollars on technical and commercial education ; 10,931,864 dollars on normal schools, and 7,464,158 dollars on university education ;j miscellaneous, 1,034,512 paper dollars ; total, 71,885,335 dollars.
In Argentina there are 520 newspapers published, 493 in Spanish, 4 in Italian, 5 in German, 5 in English, and others in Scandinavian, French, Basque, Russian.
Justice.
Justice is administered by Federal and by Provincial Courts. The former deal only with cases of a national character, or in which different provinces or inhabitants of different provinces are parties. The Federal Courts are the Supreme Courts, with 5 judges at Buenos Aires ; 5 Appeal Courts, one with 5 judges at Buenos Aires, and with 3 each at La Plata, Parana, Cordoba, and Rosario (Santa Fe), and courts of first instance in each of the provinces and territories. Each province has its own judicial system, with a Supreme Court (generally so-called) and several minor courts. Trial by jury is established by the Constitution for criminal cases, but never practised.
Finance. 1
1910
1917
Revenue Expenditure
£ 34,6<rJ,2S3
- X,9M,S0I
32,S60,300
34,:.7_\62;. ,357 34,*J9,000 :
Tear
19192 19-20* 19212
Revenue : Expenditure
•
35 ) C71,0'J3 43,950,336
1 All accounts are kept in paper currency, the paper dollar = It. 9jjd., under conversion law. 1 Budget estimate.
