'36
CHILE
Instruction.
Education is gratuitous and at the cost of the State, and since August 26, 1920, compulsory. At the 1907 census, 40 per cent, of the population were illiterate. Professional and secondary instruction is provided in the Universities (one belonging to the State, The University of Chile, the other The Catholic University) and the National Institute of San- tiago, and in the lyceums and colleges established in the capitals of provinces, and in some departments. In the State University the branches included are theology, law, and political science, medicine and pharmacy, physical and mathematical sciences, philosophy, literature, and the fine arts. In 1919, in the State University there were 4,138 matriculated students and 358 teachers. In 1919, the Catholic University had 551 students. An Industrial University was opened at Valparaiso (Universidad Industrial de Valparaiso), and another at Concepcion (University of Con- cepcion) in 1920. There were in 1919, 3,061 public primary schools with 320,898 pupils, and 7,038 teachers; and 293 private primary schools with 1,012 teachers and 41,143 pupils; 15 public normal schools with 1,955 pupils and 409 teachers ; 90 public and 136 private secondary schools with 32,598 and 22,295 pupils respectively ; 11 public commercial schools with 179 teachers and 2,974 pupils. There are besides agricultural schools, schools of mines, and professional schools. Other educational institutions are the Paedagogic Institute, the National Conservatory of Music, the National Observatory School of Arts and Trades, Institute for Deaf Mutes, School for the Blind, and public museums. The cost of maintaining the public primary schools in 1919 was 715, 138Z. , that of the national normal schools, 98,0752., and that of the Government secondary schools, 357,4962. The National Library contains 286,330 volumes.
There were in 1919, 740 newspapers and journals published in Chile, including 97 dailies and 260 weeklies.
Justice, Crime, Pauperism.
There are, in addition to a High Court of Justice in the capital, seven Courts of Appeal distributed over the Republic, Tribunals of First Instance in the departmental capitals, and subordinate courts in the districts. On January 1, 1919, there were 2 central prisons with 1,169 inmates (all men), 20 penitentiaries with 780 (757 men and 23 women), 82 prisons, and 18 houses of correction for women with 7,098 inmates, and 3 reformatory schools, with 344 inmates (197 boys and 147 girls).
The police number 10,386 (854 officers).
At 110 hospitals in Chile in 1918 there were admitted 121,952 patients ; there are also 2 lunatic asylums with 3,563 inmates.
Finance. In recent years the revenue and expenditure (ordinary and ex- traordinary) were as follows : —
Year
Revenue
Expenditure
Year
Revenue
Expenditure
1910 1917 1918
£
13,891,101 16,020,596 18,743,260
£ 12,142,090 14,423,664 16,621,210
1919 1920 1 192H
£
9,8S0,829 20,545,064 24,090,226
£ 13,760,581 33,264,484 27,158,987
I Estimates.
