AREA AND POPULATION
843
According to the Treaty ot Versailles (article 45), France obtained from Germany as a compensation for the destruction of the coal mines in the North of France, the exclusive rights of exploitation of the coal mines situated in the Saar Basin. The »rea of this district is about 751 square miles, and the population 657,370. For the next 15 years the Saar Basin will be governed by a Commission of Five, chosen by the League of Nations. At the end of 15 years the population will decide by vote one of three alternatives, viz., the maintenance of the rule set up by the Treaty, union with France, or UDion with Germany.
Between the years 1811 and 1820 the average annual surplus of births over deaths was 5 '7 per thousand of population ; between 1851 and 1860 it was 2-4 ; and between 1881 and 1885 it was 16. The average number of births per marriage was (1881-85) about 3 ; in 1891 it was 2*1.
In the following table, the third, fourth, and fifth columns give [in brackets] for the first five censuses the population, its density, and its average annual increase of Fiance, excluding Alsace- Lorraine, and are thus comparable with the data for the censuses posterior to the loss of Alsace and Lorraine (1872-1911).
ile'l
Inhabitants
Annual Increase
Dates
Area: sq. miles 207 ,1
Population
per sq. mile 181
per 10,000 inhabits.
1801
27,849,003
_
[26,930,756]
[130]
—
1821
—
30,461,875
146
57
i
[29,871,176]
[144]
[55]
1841
—
34,230,178
164
0-2
[33,400,864]
[161]
[58]
1861
212,659
37,386,313
176
37
[35,844,902]
[173]
[36]
„ 1860
—
88,067,064
178
40
[S6,495,4S9]
[176]
[86]
1872
207,054
36,102,921
174
—961 r 171
1876
—
36,905,788
17S
I lt J 54
1881
—
37,672,048
182
41
1886
—
38,218,903
184
29
1891
—
33,342,948
185
6 5
1896
—
38,517,332
186
4 -i
1901
—
38.961,945
1S8
♦ 2-3
1906
—
39,2;-
189
14
1911
—
39,*01,509
189
17
1919
UACfijB
41,47.".,523
1 Decrease.
In 1911, the foreign nationalities most numerously represented were English, 40,378 ; Belgians, 287,126 ; Germans, 102,271"; Austrians, 14,681 Swiss, 73,422; Itab'ans, 419,234; Spaniards, 105,760; Russiaus, 35,016 total, 1,159,835.
The active population of 1911 was returned under the following occupa- tions : Fisheries, 55,000 ; agriculture and forestry, 8,517,000 ; mines and quarries, 246,000 ; manufacturing industries, 5,746,000 ; transport, Ac, 1,543,000; commerce, 2,053,000; liberal professions, 550,000; domestic service, Ac, 929,000 ; public service (including the arniv), 1,292,000 : total, 20,931,000, of whom 7,719,000 were of the female sex.
