848
FRANCE
The faculties are of four kinds': 1 6 faculties of Law (Paris, Aix, Bordeaux, Caen, Dijon, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Montpellier, Nancy, Poitiers, Rennes, Strasbourg, Toulouse, and Algiers) ; 9 faculties of Medicine (Paris, Mont- pellier, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nancy, Strasbourg, and Algiers ; 17 faculties of Science (Paris, Besancon, Bordeaux, Caen, Clermont, Dijon, Grenoble, Lille, Lyon, Marseille, Montpellier, Nancy, Poitiers, Rennes, Toulouse, Strasbourg, and Algiers) ; 17 faculties of letters (at the towns last named) ; 8 higher pharmacy schools and mixed faculties of medicine and pharmacy ; 15 schools with full functions and preparatory schools of medicine and pharmacy.
The following statement shows the number of students by faculties or schools in January, for 3 years (excluding the students of the Universities of Strasbourg and Lille : —
ents
of
1916
1917
1919
Stud
State
SUte i Institutions
3,566 3,375 3,585 2,891 704
14,121
State
Institutions
3,503 3,263 2,727 2,417 656
12,566
Institutions
Law
Medicine
Sciences
licinc
and ;
7,735 6,542 5,979 6,339 1,215
2,080
Letters Pharmacy Schools of Pharmacy .
Me
Total .
•
.
•_'9,S*.»)
There are free faculties : at Paris (the Catholic Institute of Paris comprising the law and advanced scientific and literary studies) ; Augers (theology, law, sciences, letters, agriculture) ; Lille (theology, law, medicine and pharmacy, sciences, letters, social sciences and politics) ; Lyon (theology, law, sciences, letters) ; Marseille flaw) ; Toulouse (the Catholic Institute with theological, literary, and scientific instruction). There is, besides, in Pans a large insti- tuition for free higher instruction, the Ecole libre des Sciences Politique.
The State faculties confer the degrees of bachelor, of licentiate, and of doctor. Admission to degrees (abrogations) is by special competition, which lead to the title of professcur in secondary and in higher instruction.
The other higher institutions dependent on the Ministry of Public Instruction are the College de France (founded by Francis I. in 1530), which has courses of study bearing on various subjects, literature and language, archaeology, mathematical, natural, mental and social science (political economy, &c); the Museum of Natural History giving instruc- tion in the sciences and nature; the Boole Pratique des 11 antes Etudes (history and philology, mathematical and physico-chemical sci e n ce s , and the sciences of nature and of religion), having its seat at the Sorbonne; the Ecole Normale Superieure, which prepares teachers for secondary instruction and, since 1904, follows the curricula of the Sorbonne without special teachers of its own ; the Ecole des Chartes, which trains the archivist paleographers; the Ecole des Langues Orientales vivantes ; the Ecole du Louvre, devoted to art and archaeology ; the Ecole des Beaux-Arts, and the Burcan des Longitudes, the Central Meteorological Bureau ; thcObservatoirr
