FRENCH INDIA
873
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ASIA.
FBENCH INDIA. The chief French possession in India is Pondicherry. It was founded by the French in 1674, taken by the Dutch in 1693, and restored in 1699. The English took it in 1761, restored it in 1765, re-took it in 1778, restored it a second time in 1785 ; retook it a third time in 1793, and restored it in 1814. As established by the treaties of 1814 and 1815, the French possessions in India consist of five separate colonies, which cover an aggregate of 50, 803 hectares (about 196 square miles\ and had in 1919 the following estimated populations : —
» Pa«^;^o TO am r*>', I Modeliarpeth
Arianeoupom 'Karikal . Tirnoular Grande Aldee Neravy .
'Pondichery Oulgaret Villenour Tiroubouvane Bahour . Nettanacom
46,657 22,838 16,283 21,532 18,544 13,141
15,224 11,804 18,944 10.228 7,241 6,108
Nodouukadou . 7,151
Cotchery. . 5,529
'Chandernagar . 26,490
- Mahe . . 11.111
- Yanaon . . 5,043
Total
2tt,86S
In 1919 the population of the Provinces was as follows: — Pondicherv, 166,023 ; Karikal, 55,201 ; Chandernagar, 26,490; Mahe, 11,111 ; Yanaon, 5,043 ; Total, 263.868.
The colonies are divided into five dependances (the chief towns of which are marked with an asterisk in the above table) and seventeen communes, having municipal institutions. There is also an elective general council. The Governor of the colonies resides at Pondicherv. The colonies are represented in the Parliament at Paris by one senator and one deputy. At Pondichery the birth-rate in 1919 was 193 per cent, for Europeans and 3 - 51 per cent, for natives, and the death-rate 2 33 per cent, for Europeans and 4 29 per cent, for natives. There were in 1919, 61 primary schools and 3 colleges, all main- tained by the Government, with 312 teachers and 9,491 pupils. Local revenue and expenditure (budget of 1920) 2,266,420 rupees. The prin- cipal crops are paddy, rice, sugar, cotton, manioc, cacao, cotfee, ground-nut-;. There are at Pondichery 4 cotton mills, and at Chandernagar 1 jute mill ; the cotton mills have, in all, 1,622 looms and 171,213 spindles, employing 7,335 persons. There are also at work 2 oil factories and a few oil presses for ground nuts, 1 ice factory, a cocoatine factory, and an iron foundry.
