8H6 FRANCE: — FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA
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FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA (FRENCH CONGO).
The French Congo extends along the Atlantic coast between Cameroon and the territories of the Belgian Congo, with the exception of the Spanish territory on the coast from the Mnni river on 1" N. lat. to Cameroon, and inland to the meridian of 11° 20' E. of Greenwich, and the Kabinda region, which is Portuguese. Inland it is bounded by the Congo and Ubanghi Fivers and stretches northwards to the Bahr-el-Ghazal-and Lake Chad. French ac- quisition began on the Gabun river in 1841 ; Libreville was founded in 1849 ; Cape Lopez was gained in 18G2, and the French possessions extended along the coast for about 200 miles. Since then the territories have been increased by exploration and military occupation and their limits have been defined in a series of international conventions. By a convention, dated November 14, 1911, France agreed tocedc certain parts of the colony to Germany in return for German recognition of the French protectorate in Morocco. The total area ceded is about 107,270 square miles with a population of about 1,000,000. Sleeping sickness is very prevalent in the district and is fast decimating the population. At the same time Germany ceded to France from her Cameroon territory 6,450 square miles.
By decree of January 15, 1910, the French Congo was divided into three circumscriptions which form three colonics, viz. : -the Gabun Colony (capital Libreville), the Middle Congo Colony (capital Brazzaville), and the Ubangi- Shari Colony (capital Bangui). The chad Territory, which was formerly a dependency of the Ubangi-Shari Colony, was, by decree issued on March 17. 1920, made a separate colony.
By decrees issued on January 15, 1910, the name of tin- French Congo was changed into French Equatorial Allien, which extends ove* the Gabun, the Middle Congo, the Ubangi-Shari Colonies, and Chad Territory ; to these have since been added the Cameroon territories.
The area is about 1,087,131 square miles containing & population esti- mated in 1915 at 9 millions of negro and other races. Estimated area and population of the separate colonies is shown as follows : —
