An ulcer emitting a sweet smell like that of wine, or fragrant aloe wood (Aguru), clarified-butter, Jati flower, Champaka, sandal, lotus or any celestial flower (Divyagandha), should be regarded as the precursor of death. Similarly, a smell like the one which characterises a dog, horse, mole, crow or a bug, or like the one emitted by dry, putrid meat, or resembling the smell of earth or slime, should be likewise deemed unfavourable or fatal in an ulcer.
A physician should give up a case where an ulcer, though it has assumed a blackish, saffron or Kankustha colour (a sort of mountain earth) through the action of the aggravated Pittam, is divested of the burning, sucking and drawing pain, which is peculiar to that morbiferous diathesis. Similarly, an ulcer, which, though brought about through the action of the deranged Kapham, has become cold, hard and whitish as natural in one of the Kaphaja type, should be given up as soon as it is marked by a burning pain. Likewise an ulcer, due to the action of the deranged Vayu, and characterised by a blackish hue and a thin secretion, and which is found to invade the vital principles of the body, should be abandoned by a physician, whenever found to be entirely devoid of pain.
An ulcer, which makes a gurgling or groaning sound, or one which is characterised by an extreme burning sensation, or is confined to the skin and the flesh,
