"In the present case—indeed in all cases of secret writing—the first question regards the language of the cipher; for the principles of solution, so far, especially, as the more simple ciphers are concerned, depend upon, and are varied by, the genius of the particular idiom. In general, there is no alternative but experiment (directed by probabilities) of every tongue known to him who attempts the solution, until the true one be attained. But, with the cipher now before us, all difficulty was removed by the signature. The pun upon the word 'Kidd' is appreciable in no other language than the English. But for this consideration I should have begun my attempts with the Spanish and French, as the tongues in which a secret of this kind would most naturally have been written by a pirate of the Spanish main. As it was, I assumed the cryptograph to be English.
"You observe there are no divisions between the words. Had there been divisions the task would have been comparatively easy. In such cases I should have commenced with a collation and analysis of the shorter words, and, had a word of a single letter occurred, as is most likely, (a or I, for example,) I should have considered the solution as assured. But, there being no division, my first step was to ascertain the predominant letters, as well as the least frequent. Counting all, I constructed a table thus:
| Of the character | 8 | there are | 33. |
| ; | " | 26. | |
| 4 | " | 19. | |
| ‡) | " | 16. | |
| * | " | 13. | |
| 5 | " | 12. | |
| 6 | " | 11. | |
| †1 | " | 8. | |
| 0 | " | 6. | |
| 92 | " | 5. | |
| :3 | " | 4. | |
| ? | " | 3. | |
| ¶ | " | 2. | |
| —. | " | 1. |
"Now, in English, the letter which most frequently occurs is
