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- After returning to Japan he was appointed to a professorship at Waseda University. He was a champion of naturalism and was regarded as the best literary critic of his time.
- Shimazaki Tōson 島崎 藤村 (1872–1943). Poet and novelist. His given name was Haruki. He graduated from Meiji Gakuin (1891) and taught for one year, during which time he wrote Wakanashū ("Young Greens Anthology"). His Hakai ("The Broken Commandment") established him as a novelist. A partial translation of Hakai (Chap. VII) by Edward Seidensticker is available for English readers.
- Takase Bunen 高瀨 文淵 (1864–1935). A critic. His real name was Kurokawa Yasuji. He had great influence on inspiring Tayama Katai's literary aspirations.
- Takizawa Bakin 滝澤 馬琴 (1767–1848). A novelist in various fiction genres who, before he died, was the accepted leader of Edo literature. His favorite genre was the moralistic novel.
- Tōson. See Shimazaki Tōson.
- Tsubouchi Shōyō 坪内 逍遥 (1859–1935). Litterateur. His given name was Yūzō. After graduating from Kaiseikō (predecessor of Tokyo University) he was appointed as an instructor at Waseda University. His Shōsetsu Shinzui established his fame. He translated the complete works of Shakespeare.
- Yanagida Izumi 柳田 泉 (1894–). Litterateur. A graduate of Waseda University with a degree in English literature (1918). Among his works are the Complete Works of Carlyle, Study of Greek Ideas, and Essays on Meiji Literature.
