i6o
��DEGREE OF DISSOCIATION.
��CHAP.
��of molecules dissolved is greater than that calculated simply from the chemical formula. Now, if a molecule can be dis- sociated into n ions (for KCl = K + CI, w = 2 ; for K2SO4 = 2K + S04,7i= 3; for K4(CN)6re = 4K + (ON)6Fe,7i = 5), and if as denotes the fraction of the whole number of mole- cules which are dissociated, then in the solution there must be for every gram-molecule dissolved 1 — aa undissociated molecules and a^n ions, which are to be regarded as free molecules. From every gram-molecule, therefore, we obtain 1 — aa + Tiaa = 1 + (w — l)aa molecules, and the observed freezing point — A° must be greater than that calculated
1 Q.gO
according to the chemical formula — ^ - in this ratio (/). That is to say —
from which aa can be calculated.
��Noii-«lectrolyte8.
��Methyl •loohol Ethyl aloohol. Batyl alcohol Glyoerol • . Mannitol . . Cane sugar . Phenol . . Acetone . . Ethyl ether . Ethyl acetate . ▲cetamlde. .
��o*uo
��0^ 0^ 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- O'OT ■OS
��0^ 0^ 0- 0- 0- 0- 0- 0-
��Baaes.
�� �Acids.
� �aa
� �«!
�Q-6b
�Hydrochloric add
�Nitric add . .
�0-0*i
�Chloric add . .
�Sulphuric add
�0-OL
�Phosphoric acid .
�Hydrogen sulphide
�Boric acid . . .
�Formic add . .
�Butyric add . .
�Oxalic add . .
�OIJ
�Malic add . . .
��0- 0- 0^ 0^ 0- 0'
��SalU.
��Potassium chloride . Potassium nitrate Sodium nitrate . Potassium acetate Potassium carbonate Potassium sulphate ,
��0-8G
��Salts.
��Barium chloride Lead nitrate . Copper sulphate Mercuric chloride Cadmium iodide
��oi
�a-i
�Oil
�- ()•()(>
��In dilute solution, too, unexpected results have been obtained. These, however, are to be attributed for the most
�� �
