grown. Pardé[1] has not heard of its having ever produced fruit in France, where it is hardy as far north as Grignon,[2] but grows very slowly.
It was introduced, according to Loudon, in 1766 into England, and he mentions, with some doubt as to the species, trees growing in the Horticultural Society's garden and other places near London; but it is probable that this tree has never attained a considerable size in England. At Tortworth, a tree with the bark beginning to scale was, in 1905, 24 feet high and 14 foot in girth. Dr. Warre, the late headmaster at Eton, raised, from seed sent to him from New York, a tree, which is growing in the garden of Mr. E.C. Austen Leigh, at Eton, who informs us that it is about 11 feet high. Miss Woolward raised at Belton in Lincolnshire a plant, which is now about 4 feet high; but it suffers severely from frost, the young growths being killed back every year. None of the seedlings which I have raised at Colesborne have thriven, as the summer here is evidently much too short and cold. (H.J.E.)
CARYA AMARA, Bitternut
- Carya amara, Nuttall, Gen. Am. ii. 222 (1818); Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. iii, 1443 (1838).
- Carya cordifolia, Schneider, ex Sargent in Bot. Gazette, xliv. 226 (1907).
- Juglans alba minima, Marshall, Arbust. Am. 68 (178 5).
- Juglans cordiformis, Wangenheim, Nordam. Holz. 25 (1787).
- Juglans angustifolia, Poiret, in Lamarck, Dict. iv. 504 (1797):
- Juglans sulcata, Willdenow, Berl. Baumz. 154 (1796).
- Juglans minima, Borkhausen, Handb. Forstbot. i. 760 (1800).
- Juglans mucronata, Michaux, Fl. Bor. Am. ii. 192 (1803).
- Juglans amara, Michaux f., Hist. Arb. Am. i. 177 (1810).
- Hicoria minima, Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xv. 284 (1888); Sargent, Silva N. Amer. vii. 141, tt. 340, 341 (1895), and Trees N. Amer. 135 (1905).
A tree, attaining in America 100 feet in height and 9 feet in girth. Bark grey, smooth, ultimately separating on the surface into small thin scales. Buds brightyellow, glandular; terminal buds elongated, pointed and oblique at the apex, about 3 inch long, with two pairs of valvate scales, often obscurely pinnatifid at the tip; lateral buds, often two superposed, the uppermost stalked, four-angled, and pointed, the lowermost minute. Young branchlets, with scattered short pubescence, glandular towards the tip. Leaves (Plate 203, Fig. 5) 6 to 10 inches long. Leaflets, five to nine, variable in shape, lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, longacuminate; margin with occasional cilia; lower surface with stellate hairs, especially along the midrib; rachis minutely pubescent.
Staminate catkins, pubescent, in threes on a slender peduncle, usually on the previous year's branchlet. Fruit, one, two, or three at the top of the branchlet, about an inch long; husk thin, glandular, four-winged from the apex to about the middle; nut thin-shelled; seed bitter, reddish-brown. (A.H.)
This species has a wide distribution, extending to the northward as far as Southern Maine, Ontario, Central Michigan, and Minnesota. It was the only hickory which I found near Ottawa, where it was common in the Gatineau Valley,
