Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/274

250 ALBEMAELE SOUND ALBERT The productions in 1870 were 218,545 bushels of wheat, 384,851 of corn, 180,461 of oats, and 1,781,619 Ibs. of tobacco. The Chesapeake and Ohio and Orange, Alexandria, and Manassas rail- roads intersect at the capital, Charlottesville. ALB EM A RLE SOUND, a large inlet of the sea on the northern part of the coast of North Carolina, extending 60 m. into the country, and having a width of from 4 to 15 m. It is separated from the sea by a narrow island, is not affected by the tides, receives the waters of the Roanoke and Chowan rivers, and is nearly fresh. It has connection with Currituck and Pamlico sounds by inlets, and with Chesa- peake bay by a canal cut through the Great Dismal swamp. This sound has not a great depth of water, and is of comparatively little value for commercial purposes. ALBERGATI-CAPACELU, Francesco, marchese d', an Italian dramatic writer and actor, born in Bologna, April 29, 1728, died March 16, 1804. He has been called the Garrick of Italy. His youth was wasted in debauchery, but at the age of 40 he had acquired a high reputation by his dramatic compositions, and as a wit and actor. His works appeared in 12 vols. (Ven- ice, !783-'5), and 6 vols. (Bologna, 1784). ALBERIC I., a ruler of Rome in the early part of the 10th century. He was originally a Lom- bard nobleman, but obtained through the aid of Berengarius of Friuli the marquisate of Camerino, and by his marriage with Marozia, the daughter of the notorious Roman Theodora, the temporal authority over Rome. He joined Pope John X. in the expulsion of the Saracens. He also ruled the duchy of Spoleto. He was, however, banished from Rome, and finally murdered in 925. His widow wedded Guido of Tuscany, and after his death Hugo of Pro- vence, king of Italy, who was afterward ex- pelled by her son, ALBERTO II., who reigned over Rome until his death in 954. ALBERONI, Ginlio, a Spanish statesman, born near Piacenza, Italy, May 31, 1664, died in Rome, June 1 6, 1 752. He was the son of a vine- dresser, and was brought up to the church. In the war of the Spanish succession he gained the favor of the duke of Vend6me, command- ing the French troops in Italy, and accompa- nied him to Paris in 1706, and to Spain in 1711, acting as his secretary. In 1713 he was ap- pointed envoy of the duke of Parma at the Spanish court. He was befriended by the cel- ebrated Princess Orsini; but, having induced her to employ him in negotiating the marriage of Philip V. with Elizabeth Farnese of Parma, his first act after the queen's arrival was tonrge her to apply for the dismissal of the princess, who was at once arrested and banished. He became prime minister of Spain in 1714, and in 1717 was made a cardinal by Clement XI. His internal administration was distinguished for economy, the encouragement of industry, and the development of the resources of Spain. He remodelled the army, rebuilt the fleet, strengthened the defences, and increased the foreign commerce. But the ambition of restor- ing Spain to her former greatness, seconded by the queen's ambition for the aggrandizement of her family, prompted him to a violent for- eign policy. He seized on Sardinia in a time of peace (1717), invaded Sicily (1718), entered into adventurous schemes with Charles XII., Peter the Great, and the Stuarts against France and England, plotted a conspiracy to depose the regent Orleans, and embroiled Spain with all the other powers of Europe, bring- ing about the quadruple alliance of England, France, Austria, and Holland. Alberoni's courage rose with the danger, and he bade de- fiance to all his enemies at once. The foreign alliance and the hatred of the grandees at home, however, hurled him from place. Peace was concluded in 1719, one of the stipulations of which was Alberoni's dismissal, and he was ordered to quit Spain without delay. He fled to Italy, whither his foes pursued him, and in- duced Clement XI. to issue a warrant for his arrest. This he managed to escape, wandering about in circumstances of danger and priva- tion; but on the pope's death (1721) he ap- peared at Rome in the conclave, and assisted at the election of Innocent XIII., who refused to molest him. He was afterward sent as le- gate into the Romagna, and finally retired to his native state, where he died at the age of 88. He left a number of MSS., from which his "Political Testament" was published at Lau- sanne in 1753. ALBERS, .loliann Friedrich Hermann, a German physician, born at Dorsten, Nov. 14, 1805, died in Bonn, May 12, 1867. He practised sev- eral years as assistant physician, afterward de- livered lectures on pathology at Bonn, and in 1831 was appointed professor there. He also established at Bonn a private hospital for men- tal and nervous diseases. He is the author of an "Anatomical Atlas" (287 plates, with text, 1832-'62), and works on general pathol- ogy, pharmacology, diseases of the larynx, sy- philitic skin diseases, &c. ALBERT, a S. E. county of the province of New Brunswick, Canada, bounded S. and S. E. by the bay of Fundy and Chignecto bay ; area, 677 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 10,672. The land is good, and there are extensively diked marshes, mines of bituminous and cannel coal, oil-bear- ing shales, plaster beds, and quarries of free- stone. The coal and plaster are taken by a horse railroad to Hillsborough, respectively 24 and .v. in., and shipped principally to the United States. Petroleum was at one time largely produced. Chief town, Hopewell. ALBERT, the pseudonyme of ALEXANDRK MAB- TIN, a member of the French provisional govern- ment of 1848, born at Bury, department of Oise, April 27, 1815. He was a maker of me- chanical models, and continued to work at his trade after he became prominent as an agita- tor, and in 1840 as founder of a revolutionary journal entitled L 'Atelier, written by working men exclusively. A friend of Louis Blanc, he