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286 ALEXANDER cal professor, which position he sustained until his death. He published " Outlines of the Evi- dences of Christianity," which has passed through numerous editions in various lan- guages, and is recognized as a text book in sev- eral colleges ; " Treatise on the Canon of the Old and New Testament " (1826); "History of the Patriarchs" (1833); "Essays on Religious Experience" (1840); "History of African Colonization" (1846); "History of the Log College" (1846); and a "History of the Israel- itish Nation " (1852). His work on " Moral Sci- ence " was published after his death ; and among his unfinished works are one on the "Duties and Consolations of the Christian"; one on " Patriarchal Theology " ; a memoir of his old instructor, Mr. Graham; a history of the Presbyterian church in Virginia ; biographical sketches of distinguished American clergymen and alumni of the college of New Jersey ; and a work on " Church Polity and Discipline." ALEXANDER, Sir James Edward, a British sol- dier and writer, born in Scotland in 1803. He is descended from the Stirling family, studied at Sandhurst, served in the Burman war (1825), in the Russian service against Turkey (1829), in Dom Pedro's cause in Portugal (1834), in quelling the disturbances in Canada (1839), .in the Crimean war, after the close of which he be- came colonel (1858), and in the Maori war in New Zealand (1863). He has published " Trav- els from India to England" (London, 1827); "Expedition of Discovery into the Interior of Africa" (1838), undertaken while stationed at Cape Town; "Passages in the Life of a Soldier" (1857); and "Incidents of the late Maori War" (1863). ALEXANDER, James Waddel, D. I >.. eldest son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, born in Louisa county, Va., March 13, 1804, died at the Red Bweet Springs, Va., July 31, 1859. He gradu- ated at the college of New Jersey in 1820, was appointed a tutor there in 1824, resigned in the following year, was settled as pastor of a con- gregation in Charlotte county, Va., and in 1828 accepted a call to Trenton, N. J. In 1830 he resigned that charge and became editor of "The Presbyterian," a religious newspaper published in Philadelphia, whence he was called in 1833 to the professorship of rhetoric and belles-lettres in the college of New Jersey. In 1844 he ac- cepted the pastoral charge of the Duane street church in New York. In 1849 he was ap- pointed professor of ecclesiastical history and church government in the theological semi- nary at Princeton, where he remained till 1851, when he was chosen pastor of the Fifth avenue church in New York, which station he held till his death. His published works inclale " Consolation, in Discourses on Select Topiaj. a biography of Dr. Archibald Alexander ; and numerous contributions to the " Biblical Re- pertory" and "Princeton Review," as well as to the publications of the American tract society. The Rev. John Hall, D. D., edited in 1860 "Forty Years' Familiar Letters of James W. Alexander," with notes (2 vols. 12mo). ALEXANDER, Joseph Addison, D. D., third son of Dr. Archibald Alexander, born in Phila- delphia, April 24, 1809, died at Princeton, N. J., Jan. 28, 1860. He graduated at the college of New Jersey in 1826, and from 1830 to 1833 was adjunct professor of ancient languages and literature. He was afterward assistant teacher of Biblical and oriental litera- ture in Princeton theological seminary, and in 1838 was elected by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church professor of Biblical criticism and ecclesiastical history. In 1852 he was transferred to the chair of Biblical and ecclesiastical history, which he occupied till his death. He published "The Psalms Trans- lated and Explained" (3 vols. 12mo, 1850); " The Prophecies of Isaiah " (revised ed., 2 vols. 8vo, 1864), and an abridgment of the same work ; a volume on primitive church gov- ernment, and numerous essays in the "Biblical Repertory" and "Princeton Review." At the time of his death he was engaged, in connec- tion with Dr. Hodge, in preparing a commen- tary on the New Testament, of which " Notes on the New Testament Literature" and "The Gospel according to Matthew " have been published. ALEXANDER, Lndwlg Christian Georg Frledrleh Kmil. prince of Hesse, son of Louis II. of Hesse-Darmstadt, and brother of the present empress of Russia, born July 15, 1823. He served in the Russian army in the Caucasus, and distinguished himself in 1845 during the storming of Shamyl's residence. In 1851 he retired from the czar's service, and married the daughter of the late Russian general Count Hauke, who was raised to the rank of coun- tess, and in 1858 to that of the princess of Battenberg. In 1852 he entered the Austrian service, took an active part in the war against Italy in 1859, and was charged by Francis Jo- seph to negotiate a truce with Napoleon III. In 1866 he commanded the 8th corps in the war against Prussia. He was repeatedly de- feated, and was obliged to publish in 1867 his diary of the war in self-defence. ALEXANDER, Stephen, LL. D., an American astronomer, born in Schenectady, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1806. He was educated at Union college and at Princeton theological seminary, was appointed tutor in the college of New Jer- sey in 1833, adjunct professor of mathematics in the same institution in 1834, professor of addressed to the Suffering People of God'A} astronomy in 1840, of mathematics in 1845, "Thoughts on Family Worship"; " PlainWi and of mechanics and astronomy in 1854. In 1860 he went Words to a Young Communicant " ; " Thoughts on Preaching"; a series of essays entitled " The American Mechanic and Workingman" ; " Discourses on Christian Faith and Practice " ; to the coast of Labrador at the head of an expedition to observe the solar eclipse of July 18. He has written many scientific papers, which have excited