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486 ANDREWS nan convention in 1865. He retired from the office of governor in January, 1866, having positively declined a fifth reelection, and re- sumed the practice of the law. He afterward also declined an offer of the presidency of An- tioch college, Ohio. ANDREWS, James Pettit, an English historian, born near Newbury, Berkshire, in 1737, died in London, Aug. 6, 1797. His most important work (which he did not live to complete) was his " History of Great Britain, connected with the Chronology of Europe. " The part publish- ed commences with Cesar's invasion and ends with the accession of Edward VI. The plan of the work is peculiar, a portion of the history of England occupying one page, while the synchronous portion of the history of Europe is placed on the page opposite. He also wrote a continuation of Henry's " History of Britain " to the accession of James I. (1796), and an amusing collection of "Anecdotes" (1789). ANDREWS, Lancelot, an English scholar and prelate, born in London in 1555, died in Win- chester house, Sept. 25, 1626. He was a fa- vorite of James I., who made him his lord almoner, and successively bishop of Chichester, Ely, and Winchester, and a privy councillor; and he was one of the authors of King James's translation of the Scriptures. His Tortura Torti, a large 4to volume (1609), was an an- swer to Bellarmine's attack upon James's "Defence of the Right of Kings." His other principal works are his "XCVI Sermons," "Lectures on the Ten Commandments," and " Posthumous and Orphan Lectures," all pub- lished after his death. His Prceces Privata (1674) is a collection of passages from the Bible and the fathers in Greek and Latin, still much used in the English translation ("Manual of Private Devotions and Meditations for Every Day in the Year"). His style, though much admired in his own day, is quaint, affected, and overloaded with imagery. He had high no- tions of ecclesiastical authority, which brought him into conflict with the puritans. He was generally esteemed, however, as a pious, chari- table, upright, and munificent prelate. ANDRIA, a town of S. Italy, in the Neapoli- tan province of Bari, situated in a fine plain, 82 m. W. N. W. of Bari ; pop. in 1871, 34,084. It has a royal college, a small Gothic palace, and a superb cathedral. The favorite hunting seat of Frederick II., Castel del Monte, about 12 m. from the town, is still an imposing structure. In 1799 Andria was nearly de- stroyed by the bombardment of the French, after a gallant defence. A MH; 1 1 1 . Francois Gnillaume Jean Stanislas, a Trench author, born in Strasburg, Miy 6, 1759, died in Paris, May 10, 1833. He studied law, and distinguished himself as the advocate of the Abb6 Mulct in the affair of the diamond necklace. He welcomed the revolution wit, enthusiasm, but on the fall of the Girondists M was obliged to hide himself. On May 23, 1794, he returned to Paris and began to study Eng- ANDROCLUS lish literature, and several of his pieces from this time show traces of his familiarity with Swift, Addison, and Steele. In 1795 he was made judge of the court of cassation, was admitted into the newly organized national institute, and was awarded a pension of 2,000 francs by the convention. In April, 1798, he was chosen by the moderate party one of their candidates to the council of 500. After the 18th Brumaire he was appointed by the con- sulate a member, and afterward secretary and president of the tribunate ; but the first consul removed him in September, 1802. After hav- ing declined the office of censor, offered to him by Fouch6, with 8,000 francs salary, he accepted that of librarian to Joseph Bonaparte, with 6,000 francs, a post which he held for ten years. In 1802 he wrote for the theatre Lou- vois, of which his friend Picard was the direc- tor, Helvetius, ou la vengeance d'un sage. After the death of this philosopher, he was one of the habitue's of the famous salon of Madame Helvetius at Auteuil. In 1814 he was elevated to the professorship of French literature in the college of France. The romantic school of literature was the object of his unsparing attacks. He was one of the founders of the Decades philosophiques et litteraires (1794 1807). Among his more remarkable contribu- tions to the French stage are Les JUtourdia, performed with brilliant success in 1787; Le tresor (1804) ; Moliere avec ses ami* (1804) ; La comedienne (1816) ; and his tragedy of Brutus (1830). His complete works were published in 4 vols., 1817-'23, and in 6 vols., 1828. ANDRISCFS, or Psendo Philip, a native of Adramy ttium, of humble origin, who in 1 54 B. C. assumed the name of Philip, proclaiming him- self the natural son of Perseus, the last king of Macedon, whom he strikingly resembled. He applied for help to Demetrius Soter, brother-in-law of Perseus, who delivered him to the Romans. Escaping from Rome to Thrace, he raised an army, and drove the Ro- mans out of Macedonia and Thessaly (149), but was checked at Thermopylse and driven back by Scipio Nasica. He soon afterward defeated and slew the Roman praetor Juventius, took the title of king of Macedon, and formed an alliance with Carthage. In 148 he was twice defeated by Q. Caecilius Metellus (who was hence surnamed Macedonicus), fled to the Thracian king Byzas, was by him delivered to the Romans, and, after gracing the triumph of Metellus at Rome, was executed by order of the senate in 146. ANDROCLl'S, a Roman slave of the early part of the first century, of whom Aulus Gellius says that having fled from the tyranny of his master and been recaptured, he was sentenced to be devoured by wild beasts in the circus ; but a lion which had been let loose upon him recognized him as a man who had once relieved it of a thorn in its foot, and immedi- ately began to caress him. The emperor or- dered Androclus to be pardoned, and presented