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532 ARANDA engaged in compiling a comparative lexicon of the English, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Celtic languages, when he was arrested on the charge of murder. Aram's wife had frequently in- timated that he and a man named Houseman were privy to the mystery of Clark's dis- appearance. Houseman, on being pressed by the coroner, testified that Aram and a man named Ferry were the murderers, and that the body had been buried in a particular part of St. Robert's cave, a well known spot near Knaresborough. A skeleton was discovered in the exact place indicated, and Houseman's evidence led to Aram's conviction. Aram re- fused the services of counsel, and conducted his own defence in an elaborate and scholarly manner, making an ingenious plea of the gen- eral fallibility of circumstantial evidence, es- pecially that connected with the discovery of human bones. After condemnation he ac- knowledged his guilt On the night before the execution he attempted suicide, but was discovered before he had bled to death, and his sentence was carried into effect three days after it was pronounced. Before he attempted suicide he wrote an essay on the subject, and also a sketch of his life. Of his " Comparative Lexicon " only passages from the preface are extant He left a widow and six children. A veil of poetry has been thrown over his fate by Thomas Hood's ballad of " The Dream of Eu- gene Aram," and Bulwer's romance of "Eu- gene Aram." ARANDA, Pedro Pablo Ibarra y Bolea, count of, a Spanish statesman, born in Saragossa in Decem- ber, 1718, died in 1799. He first served in the army, but subsequently devoted himself to the civil service. After officiating for seven years as ambassador of Charles III. at the court of Poland, he was appointed commander of the army in Portugal. Here he captured Almeida in August, 1762, and was afterward appointed captain general of Valencia. In 1765, after quelling an insurrection in Madrid, he was made president of the council of Castile, and soon after prime minister. He inaugurated a new municipal system, established schools, provided Madrid with a permanent garrison, strengthened the army and navy, advanced the industrial and agricultural interests of the king- dom, and reformed the financial condition of the bank of San Carlos. He established a law which made the sanction of the council of Castile requi- site for the validity of the decrees of the Vati- can, opposed the inquisition, and set up a politi- cal censorship in order to neutralize its influ- ence. By a decree of April 2, 1767, the Jesuits were expelled from Spain, and their property confiscated. The hostility of the clerical party, heightened by his confidential correspondence with Voltaire, who had urged him to persevere in his work of reform, forced him in 1778 to tender his resignation as prime minister. Ac- cepting the post of ambassador at Paris, he became noted for his opposition to England, which had indeed always been the leading ARAPAHOES feature of his foreign policy. He prevailed upon Charles III. to join France in supporting the cause of America, and in 1783 was one of the signers of the treaty of Paris-which recog- nized the independence of the United States. In 1787 he returned to Spain, and in 1792 again became prime minister as successor of Florida Blanca ; but under Charles IV. he was forced to surrender the place to the queen's favorite, Godoy. On occasion of the war with France, he expressed himself against its justice, and this remark was seized upon as a pretext to banish him from the capital. ABANJUEZ (anc. Ara Jovis), a town of Spain, in the province and 30 m. by railway S. of the city of Madrid, on the left bank of the Tagus ; pop. 8,800. It is the site of a royal palace of great beauty founded by Philip II., a favorite retreat of the monarchs of Spain during the spring, and is well supplied with gardens, cafes, hotels, and various places of fashionable amusement. The presence of the court swells the population to about 20,000. In summer the place is not healthy. ARANY, Jinos, a Hungarian poet, born at Nagy-Szalonta, in the county of Bihar, in 1817. He is the son of a poor Protestant, who edu- cated him for the church. After leaving col- lege he roamed for a while with a troop of strolling players, and then returned to Szalonta and supported himself as a teacher of Latin. In 1843, the Kisfaludy society having offered a Erize for the best popular epic, Arany won it y his poem, Az eheszett alkotmdny ("The Lost Constitution"). In 1847 he sent to the same society the first part of his greatest pro- duction, the trilogy ToldL The society gave the author more than the stipulated price, and had it printed at their expense. In February, 1848, appeared his Murdny ostroma ("Siege of Muruny"). Since 1848 his chief literary works have been Katalin (1850), the second part of Toldi (1854), two volumes of lyric poems (1857), and another trilogy, Buda hald- //. the first part of which appeared in 1864. ARAPAHOE, an E. county of Colorado terri- tory ; area, 4,600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 6,829. The Kansas Pacific railroad passes through the county and terminates at Denver, and is con- nected by a branch from that city with the Union Pacific at Cheyenne. Capital, Denver, which is also the capital of the territory. ARAPAHOES, an Indian tribe which has for many years resided near the head waters of the Arkansas and Platte rivers. They are known also as Fall Indians, and were called by the French the Gros Ventres of the south. Gallatin supposed them to be the Querechos of early Span- ish explorers in New Mexico. They style them- selves A Nina. This is apparently another form of Asinais or Cenis, a confederation of tribes vis- ited by La Salle at this point, and subsequently by Spanish missionaries and French traders. The Arapahoes, like the Asinais, are by language allied to the Caddoes. At the present time they are one of the five tribes constituting the