Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume I.djvu/808

772 ARS-SUR-MOSELLE curtilage of a dwelling house, if it is done in the night. If the commission of arson causes the death of any person, the penalty is death ; but without that, it is imprisonment from seven to ten years. In New York, arson in the first degree consists in wilfully setting fire to or burning in the night time a dwelling house in which there shall be at the time some human being; and every house, prison, jail, or other edifice which shall have been usually occupied by persons lodging therein at night shall be deemed a dwelling house. The punishment is imprisonment for life at hard labor. No ware- house, barn, or other outhouse is to be deemed a dwelling house unless it is actually part of one. Arson in the second degree is such burn- ing in the day time of a dwelling house as would be arson in the first degree if done in the night ; or the burning in the night time of any building not the subject of arson in the first degree, adjoining to or within the curti- lage of a dwelling house, so that such dwelling is endangered. If a man set fire to a house in the execution of a wicked design to do some other unlawful act as for example, if, in the burning of his own house to defraud an in- surance company, he burns another's he is guilty of arson. If one sets fire to a hay stack situated so near the house of another that it is likely to carry the fire to that, and it does in fact, he is also guilty. When the house burnt is said to be another's, it is not meant that it shall be the absolute property of another, but only another's house or dwelling for the purpose of habitation or occupation, and a special prop- erty is ordinarily sufficient. As to dwelling houses, it has been held that a building design- ed for that purpose, but not yet finished and never yet occupied, is not a house of which arson may be committed at common law ; and the same doctrine was held in the case of a building erected for a dwelling house, but which was not occupied as such at the time of the burning, and had not been for ten months previously. As to the burning, it is not essential to the offence that the house should be entirely consumed. It is enough if the fire takes effect so as to burn, that is, de- stroy by fire, in anv degree. ARS-SUR-MOSELLE, a town in Alsace-Lor- raine, administrative division of Lorraine, for- merly belonging to the French department of Moselle, 5 m. S. "W. of Metz, at the junction of the Mance with the Moselle; pop. in 1871, 5,330. In and near the town are important iron mines, iron forges, and paper mills. Dur- ing the investment of Metz. by the Germans in 1870, Ars had great strategical importance, as the railway from Nancy to Metz here crosses the Moselle ; it was therefore selected as one of the principal depots of provisions for the army of Prince Frederick Charles. ART! (anc. Ambracid), a town at the south- ern extremity of Albania, Turkey, near the northern boundary of Greece, on tie left bank of the river Arta, and 7 m. N. of the gulf of ARTABAZUS the same name ; pop. about 7,000. It is in the pashalic of Janina, under a bey appointed by the pasha. Woollens, cotton cloth, Russia leather, and clothing are the principal manu- factures. Remains of ancient Greek fortifica- tions extend along the river on one side of the town, and portions of them were used in build- ing the castle which is near them. There are also, in another quarter, ruins of two convents, one built by the empress Theodosia in the 9th century, the other of later construction. The river is crossed, opposite the town, by a re- markable bridge 200 yards long, built by the Venetians ; it rises rapidly from the low banks to a central point 100 feet above the river. In 1821, during the war of Grecian indepen- dence, Arta was besieged and partly occupied by Marco Bozzaris, and was reduced almost to ruins. Before this it was a city of consider- able beauty and prosperity, but it has never since recovered, and is now a place of small importance. (See AMBBAOIA.) ARTABANIS, a native of Hyrcania, command- er of the bodyguard of Xerxes, whom he assas- sinated 465 B. C. He persuaded one of the king's sons, Artaxerxes, to kill another, Darius, and then attempted to murder the survivor that he might seize the throne himself. He failed in this attempt and was slain. ARTABAZFS. I. A Persian general, son of Pharnaces, lived in the reign of Xerxes I. He commanded the Parthians and Chorasmians in the expedition of Xerxes against Greece, 480 B. C., and returned to Pallene after the king had recrossed the Hellespont, to punish certain cities which had revolted after the battle of Salamis. He besieged and took Olynthus, killed the inhabitants, and gave their city to Chalcidians. He next laid siege to Potidffia, the walls of which were washed on one side by the sea. The water having for a time receded, however, he marched his troops upon the sand thus left bare between the ocean and the fortifications, and the town seemed lost ; when suddenly an unusually high tide overwhelmed nearly all his army, while the Potidseans by a sally defeated the re- mainder. With the few troops remaining, Artabazus joined Mardonius in Thessaly. He endeavored in vain to dissuade that leader from attempting the battle of Platsea (479 B. C.), and after his defeat led the retreat of 40,000 men from the field. With a remnant of these he reached Asia after many difficulties. II. A Persian general in the reigns of Artaxerxes II., Artaxerxes III., and Darius Codomannus. In 862 B. C. he was sent by the first-named king against the rebellious satrap of Cappadocia, Datames, but was defeated by him. Arta- xerxes III. made Artabazus satrap of western Asia, but he soon revolted, and, aided by Greek and Theban mercenaries, defeated in two battles the armies sent by the king to punish him. Losiug the aid of his allies, how- ever, by the successful schemes of his enemies, he was at last defeated and taken prisoner,