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206 BACON figure of Peace to the society for the encourage- ment of arts, and received a premium of ten guineas. On nine successive occasions he car- ried off similar prizes from the society. Bacon was employed at Lambeth to make statues of artificial stone, an art which he did much to develop and render popular. On the opening of the royal academy in 1768 he became one of its students, and the next year gained the first gold medal for sculpture. In 1770 he was chosen an associate of that body. His principal works were two busts of George III. ; a monu- ment to the founder of Guy's hospital, South- wark ; a monument to Lord Chatham, in Guild- hall ; a monument to Lord Halifax, in West- minster abbey; the statue of Blackstone in All Souls college, Oxford; a statue of Henry VI. for the ante-chapel at Eton ; a recumbent figure of the Thames, in .the courtyard of Som- erset House ; the statues of Howard and John- son in St. Paul's cathedral ; and a second monu- ment of Chatham in Westminster abbey. BACON, Leonard, D. D., an American clergy- man, born in Detroit, Mich., Feb. 19, 1802. He was educated at Yale college and at An- dover theological seminary, and in March, 1825, became pastor of the first Congregation- al church in New Haven, Conn., which position he held till September, 1866, when he withdrew from active pastoral duty. From 1866 to 1871 he was acting professor of revealed theology in Yale college; and since 1871 has been lecturer there on ecclesiastical polity and American church history. From about 1826 to 1838 he was one of the editors of the "Christian Spec- tator," a religious magazine published at New Haven. In 1843 he aided in establishing the "New Englander," a bi-monthly periodical, with which he is still associated. From 1848 to 1861 he was one of the editors of' " The In- dependent " newspaper of New York. Among his works are: "Life of Richard Baxter" (1830) ; " Manual for Young Church Members " (1833) ; " Thirteen Historical Discourses, on the Completion of Two Hundred Years from the Beginning of the First Church in New Haven " (1839) ; " Slavery Discussed in Occasional Es- says from 1833 to 1838" (1846); "Christian Self-Culture " (1863) ; " Introductory Essay " to Conybeare and Howson's " Life and Epis- tles of St. Paul" (1868); and many addresses before colleges which have been separately pub- lished. His sister DELIA, born in 1811, was eminent as a teacher, and author of " Tales of the Puritans " (1830), " The Bride of Fort Ed- ward " (1839), and " The Philosophy of Shake- speare's Plays " (1857), in which she attempted to show that Francis Bacon was their author. She resided for some time in Stratford-on- Avon, and died in Hartford in August, 1859. BACON, Nathaniel, commonly called the Vir- ginia rebel, born in London about 1630, died in January, 1677. He emigrated to Virginia in 1675, during the administration of Sir Wil- liam Berkeley. His abilities as a lawyer, his wealth and popular deportment, gave him great influence. Almost immediately after his arrival he was chosen a member of the gov- ernor's council. At that time the colony was distracted by discontents. Gov. Berkeley was highly unpopular on account of his inefficiency ! in protecting the settlers from Indian ravages. his disposition to restrict the franchise, and the high rate of taxes. When the people took arms ostensibly to repel the savages, but in reality to force the authorities to do their duty, Bacon became the leader of the movement in July, 1676. Berkeley was compelled to make- concessions, dismantle the forts, dissolve the old assembly, and issue writs for a new elec- tion. But he did not keep faith with the in- surgents, and a desultory civil war broke out, in the course of which Jamestown, the capital of the colony, was burned to the ground. In the end the governor was obliged to seek shel- ter in some English vessels lying in James river, but before Bacon could complete his plans in respect to a new government he died of a disease contracted during one of his Indian campaigns. Soon after his death the rebelHon itself was extinguished. BACON, Sir Nicholas, an English statesman, lord keeper of the seal during the first 20 years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, born at Chisel- hurst, Kent, in 1510, died Feb. 20, 1579. He studied at Corpus Christ!, Cambridge, and after- ward in Paris. Soon after his return to Eng- land he was called to the bar, and in 1537 was appointed solicitor to the court of augmenta- tions. Nine years later Henry VIII. made him attorney to the court of wards, an office in which he continued during the reign of Ed- ward VI. Being a Protestant, he was excluded from favor under Mary ; but on the accession of Elizabeth (1558) he was chosen to her privy council, and soon afterward received the great seal, with the rank of lord chancellor. At the public conference held in Westminster abbey in March, 1559, to discuss the doctrines and ceremonies of the church of Rome, he presided. Being suspected in 1564 of having a hand in a book published by one Hales which questioned the title of Mary, queen of Scots, to succeed 1 Elizabeth a view of the case not then held by ' the conrt he was dismissed from the privy council, and from all participation in public affairs except in the court of chancery. Through the efforts of his brother-in-law Cecil he was afterward restored to favor. He was the fa- ther of Sir Francis Bacon. BACON, Roger, an English Franciscan scholar, born near Hchester, Somersetshire, in 1214, died at Oxford in 1292 or 1294. At an early age he was sent to Oxford, and thence he went to the university of Paris, then the most famous in Europe, where he took the degree of doc- tor of theology. About 1240 he returned to Oxford and entered a Franciscan monastery, where he studied Aristotle and all the ancient scholastic philosophy, mathematics, physics, and astronomy, and made many experiments with instruments constructed by himself. The igno-