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246 BALLOD BALLYMENA with marks on the back, in order that they might be able to determine and mark those who voted against them, the law in some states has forbidden the use of any other than ballots on plain white paper. The secret ballot has also been in use in France, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. It is also now employed in the Australian colonies. The methods in use there are not uniform : in some the voter receives a ticket with the names of all the candidates upon it, from which he strikes off those he does not desire to vote for, and then deposits it in a box ; in others, he designates his preference by making a mark opposite the names of his chosen candidates. A system somewhat re- sembling ballot voting prevails in other coun- tries, but lacking the distinctive element of secrecy, and therefore not classed under this head. In German states the voting is by writ- ten or printed ticket delivered publicly to the officer, who reads off and records the vote im- mediately, and with as much publicity as if it had been given viva voce. In England the bal- lot was proposed and received considerable support in the beginning of the 18th century, but it was not till 1830 that it became the sub- ject of much discussion. In that year O'Con- nell proposed it in the house of commons, and it received 21 votes. Mr. Grote for several years afterward was its most conspicuous sup- porter, but it had the approval of Macaulay, Oobden, and at length Brougham, among others less noted. It was finally adopted under the leadership of the Gladstone ministry in 1872, with elaborate regulations to secure secrecy. BALLOU. I. Hosea, an American clergyman, born at Kichmond, N. H., April 30, 1771, died in Boston, June 7, 1852. He was the son of a Baptist clergyman, who was conscientiously opposed to receiving any remuneration for his professional services ; and consequently he had so few advantages of education, that in learn- ing to write he was obliged to use birch bark instead of paper, and charcoal instead of pen and ink. At the age of 19 he joined the Bap- tist church under his father's care ; but having declared his belief in the final salvation of all men, he was excommunicated. He began to preach at the age of 21, and in 1794 was settled at Dana, Mass. In 1801 he removed to Bar- nard, Vt, where in 1804 he wrote his "Notes on the Parables " and " Treatise on the Atone- ment." In 1807 he became pastor of the Uni- versalist church in Portsmouth, N. H., in 1815 removed to Salem, Mass., and in 1817 to Bos- ton, where he became pastor of the second Universalist church, in which relation he con- tinued for 35 years. In 1819 he commenced the " Universalist Magazine," which he con- ducted alone for several years, and afterward in conjunction with the Rev. Thomas Whit- temore. In 1831, aided by his grand-nephew, Hosea Ballou, he commenced the " Universalist Expositor," a quarterly publication, to which he continued to contribute until his death. Among his published works, besides those mentioned, are 26 "Lecture Sermons," 20 "Se- lect Sermons," an "Examination of the Doc- trine of Future Retribution " (1846), and a vol- ume of poems, mostly hymns, many of which are embodied in the " Universalist Collection," edited by Adams and Chapin. He preached more than 10,000 sermons, none of which were written till after their delivery. Two of his bro- thers, Benjamin and David, also became Uni- versalist preachers. Two memoirs of him have been published, one by his son, M. M. Ballou, j the other by Thomas Whittemore (1854). II. llosca. a Universalist clergyman, grand-nephew ! of the preceding, born at Halifax, Vt., Oct. 18, | 1796, died at Somerville, Mass., May 27, 1861. j In 1815 he became pastor at Stafford, Conn., i and subsequently at Roxbury and Medford, I Mass. In 1853 he was elected president of Tufts college, Somerville, Mass., and after vis- iting Europe for the purpose of studying the systems of collegiate education, he entered upon the duties of the college in 1855. In 1822 he had become one of the editors of the " Univer- salist Magazine," now published under the name of "The Trumpet," and in 1832, in con- junction with his uncle, he established the "Universalist Expositor," the title of which was subsequently changed to the " Universalist Quarterly." He wrote "The Ancient History of Universalism " (1829 ; 2d ed., 1842) ; edited Sismondi's "History of the Crusades" (1833); and published a "Collection of Psalms and Hymns for the Use of Universalist Societies and Families " (1837). III. Maturin Murray, son of Hosea Ballou, of Boston, born in Boston in 1822. He has edited literary journals en- titled "Ballou's Pictorial" and "The Flag of Our Union," and written a " History of Cuba " (1854), "Biography of the Rev. Hosea Ballou," "Life Story of Hosea Ballou," and "A Treas- ury of Thought ; an Encyclopaedia of Quota- tions " (1872). In 1872 he became one of the founders and chief editor of the " Boston Globe," a quarto daily journal. IV. Moses, cousin of the preceding, born at Monroe, Mass., in 1811. He is author of a "Memorial of San- ford" and the "Divine Character Vindicated," and is a frequent contributor to the " Univer- salist Quarterly." BALLSTON SPA, a post village, the capital of Saratoga county, N. Y., situated in a valley on a branch of the Kayaderosseras creek, 7 m. S. W. of Saratoga Springs ; pop. in 1870, 2,970. Its mineral springs were once extensively fre- quented, but have declined in popular estima- tion. It has a court house, bank, two weekly newspapers, and several churches. The Sara- toga and Schenectady and Rensselaer and Sara- toga railroads pass through the place. BALLYMENA, a market town of Ulster, Ire- land, in county Antrim, on the river Braid, 23 m. N. N. W. of Belfast; pop. in 1871, 6,739. It is largely engaged in the linen manufacture, and has weekly markets for the sale of linens, grain, and provisions. The Belfast and North- ern Counties railway passes through it.