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BARCKHAUSEN BARCLAY 305 the city is said by Humboldt to be one of the j most unhealthy places on the globe. The sur- rounding country is very fertile. Barcelona ' exports horned cattle, jerked beef, hides, in- j digo, annotto, cotton, and cacao. BAKCKHAISEJV, or ItarHinsoii, Johaiin kourail, a German physician and chemist, born at Horn, j in Westphalia, March 16, 1666, died Oct. 1, | 1723. He studied medicine and pharmacy at j Berlin, Mentz, and Vienna, and afterward ac- companied the Venetian troops into the Mo- rea. In 1703 he was made professor of chem- istry at Utrecht. He wrote several treatises on chemistry, embodying the result of impor- tant researches, a history of medical sects, Collecta Medicirue Practices generalis (Am- sterdam, 1715), &c. BARCLAY, Alexander, an English poet, born in , the latter part of the 15th century, whether i in England or Scotland is uncertain, died at ! Croydon in June, 1552. He was educated at Oxford, travelled through Europe, acquiring a knowledge of several languages, became a Ben- edictine and afterward a Franciscan, and was a monk at Ely when that monastery was sup- pressed in 1539. He became vicar of Great Badow in Essex and of Wokey in Somerset- shire, and finally rector of All Saints in Lom- bard street, London, complying probably with the new ecclesiastical order. His most noted work is " The Ship of Fools," based on Brant's Narrenschiff. It was printed by Pynson in 1509. His " Egloges " are noted as the earli- est specimens of English pastoral poetry. He also wrote " The Castle of Labour," printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1506, and " The Myrrour of Good Manners," besides some lives of saints, a work on French pronunciation, and a trans- lation of Sallust's "Jugurthine War." He possessed a culture and refinement unusual in his day, and did much to revive a taste for literature, which was then at a' low ebb. BARCLAY, John, a Scottish anatomist, born in Perthshire in 1760, died in Edinburgh in 1826. He studied divinity at the united college of St. Andrews, was licensed as a preacher, vis- ited Edinburgh as tutor in the family of Sir James Campbell, where he commenced the study of anatomy, acted as assistant to Mr. John Bell, and graduated in 1796, when he went to London and studied under Dr. Mar- shall. On his return to Edinburgh in 1797, he gave lectures on anatomy. He published sev- eral works on anatomy, and made some efforts toward reforming the system of anatomical nomenclature. He bequeathed his valuable anatomical collection to the royal college of surgeons 6f Edinburgh, where it is known as the Barclayan museum. BARCLAY, John, an English Latin author, son of William Barclay, born at Pont-a-Mousson, France, Jan. 28, 1582, died in Rome, Aug. 12, 1621. Ho was educated at the Jesuits' college of Pont-a-Mousson, and the Jesuits endeavored to induce him to join their order ; but his father refused to give his consent and took him to England in 1603. At the beginning of the following year he presented James I. with a Latin poem entitled Kalendm Januaria, and afterward dedicated to him the first part of Euphormionis Lusinii Satyricon. He was not successful in obtaining preferment in England on account of being a Catholic, and returned more than once to France, and married there. He resided in England from 1606 to 1615. In 1609 he published his father's work De Potes- tate Papce. This was attacked by Cardinal Bellarmin, and John Barclay published a large volume in Latin in answer to the cardinal, to which a reply was made by the Jesuit Eudse- mon. The fourth part of the Satyricon was published in 1614. It is a satirical romance directed against the Jesuits. His resources in England being scanty, he went to Paris in 1615 and remained there until the following year, when he removed to Rome on the invita- tion of Pope Paul V. He published at Rome an Apologia pro se (often printed with the Saty- ricon), in which he defended himself against the charges of heresy brought against him by the Jesuits, and his ParcenesU ad Sectarian. He was treated with great kindness at Rome, but not obtaining any appointment devoted himself to literary pursuits and to the cultiva- tion of flowers. He shared in the passion for the tulip which then began to spread through- out Europe. Here he composed the Argenis (London, 1621), his most celebrated work, a prose romance in Latin, in which political ques- tions are discussed with great spirit and origi- nality in feigned dialogue. This book was a favorite with Cardinal Richelieu and Leibnitz, was more read than any other work of its day, and has been translated into almost every lan- guage of Europe. Its Latin style is highly praised by Grotius. BARCLAY, or Barclay-Allardiee, Robert, com- monly known as Captain Barclay, a British pedestrian and a captain in the British army, born Aug. 25, 1779, died May 8, 1854. His father, a skilful farmer, descended from the famous Quaker, Barclay of Ury, was himself a noted pedestrian, having walked 510 miles in 10 days. His son at the age of 15 won his first match, walking 6 miles within an hour. In December, 1799, he walked 150 miles in two days; in June, 1800, 300 miles in five days; in 1801, 110 miles in 19 hours 27 minutes; and in 1806, 100 miles in 19 hours, on a hilly pub- lic road. One of his most surprising perform- ances was walking 1,000 miles in 1,000 suc- cessive hours; 100,000 were staked on the result. After the feat was accomplished, Bar- clay slept 17 hours, and awoke in his usual health and vigor. He afterward trained Tom Cribb, champion of England, for his fight with Molyneux, which took place Sept. 29, 1811. In the latter part of his life Captain Barclay devoted himself to the cultivation of his pater- nal estate, and to breeding sheep and cattle. In right of his mother, Sarah Ann Allardice, he received a charter of the barony of Allardice