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138 BOTANY BOTHNIA G. A. PRITZEIL, laamtm Eot. Index loctipletissimus, con- taining a list of all botanical works of the ISth and 1'Jth centuries, 1855. M. SCHLEIDEX, Grundzuge, 1845-'6; Grundriss, 1840; Die Pffan.se. 1847. K. SPEE.NGEL. (JescMchte der Botanik, 1817-'18. STEUDEL, Nomenclator Botanicus, 2 vols., 1M ed., 1840. FE. UNOEE, Grundzilge der Anatomie und Pliysiologie der PJhmaen, 1848. K. L. WII.LDENOW, Grundrisse der Kr&uterkunde, 7th ed., 1831. BOTANY, a parish and township in the elec- toral district of Canterbury, Cumberland coun- ty, New South Wales, on Cook's river and on Botany bay, 5 m. S. of Sydney; pop. about 700. It is one of the most popular resorts of excur- sionists from Sydney on account of its beautiful scenery. It contains the Sydney water works, occupying an area of 30 acres, and weekly sup- plying that city with about 18,000,000 gallons of water. There are five places of worship, a temperance hall, and a post office. The prin- cipal industry is market gardening. It is an agricultural district, though the surrounding country consists of swamps and sand hills, with but occasional patches of fine alluvial soil. BOTANY BAY, a harbor on the E. coast of Australia, county of Cumberland, New South Wales, 5 m. S. of Sydney, the N. head (Cape Banks) being in lat. 34 S., Ion. 115 16' E. The harbor is about 5 m. long from N. to S. and 6 m. wide from E. to W., but the entrance is little over 1 m. across. It receives the waters of Cook's and George's rivers, is capacious and open, but affords poor shelter for ship- ping. The S. shore of Botany bay is the spot first touched at, in April, 1770, by Capt. Cook, on his discovering the E. coast of Australia. Though the coast there is comparatively bar- ren, Mr. (afterward Sir Joseph) Banks, bota- nist of the expedition, was so impressed with the profusion of the unknown local flora that the name of Botany was given to the bay. The reports of Capt. Cook led the English authorities to send out Capt. Arthur Philipps, the first colonial governor, in 1788, with about 1,000 persons, over 700 of whom were con- victs ; but neither the harbor nor its swampy surroundings were suitable for colonization, and he removed the men to Port Jackson. A brass plate on the cliffs marks Capt. Cook's first landing place ; and a monument was erected there in 1828, by Bougainville and Ducampier, in honor of La P6rouse, who pre- vious to his shipwreck was last heard from by the French government, through his letter dated Botany bay, Feb. 7, 1788. BOTETOCRT, a S. W. county of Virginia, inter- sected by James river ; area, about 500 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 11,329, of whom 3,163 were colored. It contains the sources of Craig's and Catawba creeks. Besides the Blue Ridge, which forms its S. E. boundary, there are other high ridges within its limits. The famous Peaks of Otter are near the dividing line be- tween this and Bedford county ; Middle moun- tain is on the N. W. border. The James River canal has been opened from Richmond to Buchanan. The chief productions in 1870 were 152,799 bushels of wheat, 95,980 of In- dian corn, 92,307 of oats, 3,752 tons of hay, and 196,459 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 2,044 horses, 1,984 milch cows, 3,426 other cattle, 3,332 sheep, and 6,192 swine. Capital, Fincastle. BOTETOCRT, Norborne Berkeley, baron, an Eng- lish statesman, born about 1717, died at Wil- liamsburg, Va., Oct. 15, 1770. He was sum- moned to parliament as Baron Botetourt (the peepage having been in abeyance since 1406), April 13, 1764. He arrived in Virginia in No- vember, 1768, succeeding Sir Jeffrey Amherst as governor-in-chief of the colony. His first purpose was to enforce submission, and in 1769 he dissolved the assembly, which, however, con- vened in a private house. On becoming better acquainted with the colonists, he forwarded to England their remonstrances, with a favorable opinion against parliamentary taxation. A promise of repeal was held out to him by Lord Hillsborough, but finding himself de- ceived he demanded his recall, and died soon afterward of bilious fever aggravated by cha- grin. He presented at his own expense gold and silver medals as prizes to the students of William and Mary college ; and his statue was erected at that institution by the assembly in 1774. His title expired with him. BOTH, two Dutch painters, brothers, natives of Utrecht. I. Jan, born about 1610, died about 1650. He was a pupil of Bloemaert, and lived in Italy, where he produced exquisite land- scapes, representing perfectly Italian atmos- pheric effects. II. Andreas, drowned at Venice in 1650. He was also a pupil of Bloemaert, and, besides introducing figures into his brother's landscapes, painted after the manner of Bam- boccio, but with finer coloring. BOTHNIA, a gulf between Sweden and Russia, constituting the northern arm of the Baltic sea, extending from lat. 60 to 65 50' N., 400 m. in length, with an average breadth of 120 m. At its mouth, about midway between the two shores, is the Aland archipelago, belonging to Russia, and the main entrance is the Alands Haf, a strait about 24m. wide, on the Swedish side of the islands. About midway of its ex- tent it is gathered into a channel much nar- rower than its main body, called the straits of Quarken. The channel is also further inter- cepted at this place by several small islands, the principal of which is Holmo. The entire coast line of the gulf is very irregular. There is a strong current, or gulf stream, setting con- stantly from the head of the gulf southward, through Quarken, to Aland, where it divides into two, one passing E. and the other W., to reunite again, and also with a third current from the gulf of Finland, near the island of Kokar, whence it sets southward through the Baltic. There are good harbors, the principal of which on the Russian side are Abo, Bjor- neborg, Uleaborg, and Tornea ; and on the Swedish, Gefle, Hernbsand, Pitea, Umea, and