208 BKAMHALL BRANCH rocky or gravelly hills, and having a largo and sweet fruit ; and the It. trivialis, or low bush Blackberry (Rubus Yillosus). blackberry, with evergreen, nearly glabrous, ovate-oblong or lanceolate leaves, and large petals, growing chiefly in sandy soil southward. BRAMHALL, John, an English divine and po- lemic, born at Pontefract, Yorkshire, about 1593, died in Ireland in June, 1663. He was created bishop of Londonderry in 1634, and archbishop of Armagh in 1661, and was instru- mental in restoring the temporalities, and in- ducing the church of Ireland to embrace the 39 articles. In 1640-'41 he was impeached, together with several of Lord Stratford's co- adjutors, by the Irish house of commons. Af- ter the battle of Marston Moor he retired for a time to Hamburg. He was an industrious controversial writer, and is chiefly known by his dispute with Hobbes " concerning liberty, necessity, and chance." His works were re- published in the "Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology" (5 vols., Oxford, 1842-'5). BRAN, the husky covering which separates from grain when it is ground and bolted. Bye and wheat bran contain different proportions of constituents, as is shown by the following analyses by Oudemans and Poggiale : BYE BRAN. WHEAT BEAN. OudemanB. Oudemans. Poggiale. Ash 8-35 6-52 5-5 Water 14-55 14-07 12-7 Fat 1-86 2-46 2-9 Nitrogenous matter Dextrine 14-50 7-79 18-46 5-52 18-0 7-9 Starch 88-19 26-11 21-7 Cellulose ..... 21-85 80-80 84-6 Sugar 1-9 Total 101-59 98-94 100-2 Payen found that the gluten in the grain in- creased in quantity from its centre toward the outer covering, thus showing that the removal of the husk must abstract a part of the most nutritious portion. Bread made of unbolted lour is often used as a laxative article of diet in dyspepsia. In France and Germany it is the
- ommon food of the peasantry, and among no
people are complaints of indigestion more rare. tt has been found by experiment that dogs can live on bran bread, though they cannot on flour bread. But according to Poggiale, when ani- mals are fed on it they rapidly lose flesh ; this may be caused by its too irritating properties when fed alone. Mixed with all the flour, it probably yields considerable nutriment. It lontains the nitrogenous principle cerealine, analogous to diastase, possessing the property of changing starch into dextrine and grape sugar. Calico printers remove the non-mor- danted colors from maddered goods by boiling them in bran water. Dyers use bran in mak- ing the " sour water " for preparing their dyes. BRANCALEOJiE, Dandolo, an Italian statesman, died in 1258. He was a Ghibelline senator of Bologna, and in 1253 was invited by the Ro- mans to become their podesta with dictatorial powers. He restored peace and order, and Gib- bon says that " no criminals were so powerful as to brave, so obscure as to elude, the justice of the senator." He caused two members of the noble Annibaldi family to be executed, and demolished in the city and its environs 140 towers which served as shelters to the dis- turbers of the peace. He curbed the power of the pope, the clergy, and the nobles, and put down public robbery with an iron hand. But the people, though benefited by his administra- tion, became exasperated against him ; he was deposed, arrested, and probably would have been executed if he had not provided against this by retaining at Bologna as hostages 30 members of the most eminent Roman families. Bologna was in consequence placed under in- terdict by Pope Innocent IV. The Roman people at length began to appreciate the great services of Brancaleone, and in 1256 he was brought in triumph from prison to the capitol, and continued in power during the remaining two years of his life. His death was regarded as a public calamity ; and " his head, enclosed in a costly vase, was deposited on a lofty column of marble." His biography is in the Hlstoria Major of Matthew Paris. BRANCH, a S.. county of Michigan, bordering on Indiana; area, 528 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 26,226. The St. Joseph and Prairie are the principal rivers ; there are several small lakes. The Michigan Southern and the air-line divi- sion of the Michigan Central railroad pass through the county, and the Fort Wayne, Jack- son, and Saginaw railroad touches the S. E. comer. The soil is a rich sandy loam ; the sur- face undulating and occupied by dense forests and oak openings. Iron is found in several places. The chief productions in 1870 were 420.706 bushels of wheat, 454,593 of corn, 185.707 of oats, 322,145 of potatoes, 35,691 tons of hay, 684,639 Ibs. of butter, 277,261 of wool, 62,637 of maple sugar, and 223,425 of flax. There were 7,704 horses, 7,313 milch
