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216 BRAY BRAZIL BRAY, a small parish of Berkshire, England, 23 rn. W. of London. A clergyman who held the vicarage of Bray in the IGth century was a Roman Catholic in the reign of Henry VIII., became a Protestant with that monarch, and remained so during the reign of Edward VI., became a Catholic again in the reign of Mary, and turned Protestant again when Elizabeth ascended the throne of England. On being reproached with his frequent changes of prin- ciple, he made answer very wittily : "Not so, neither ; for if I changed my religion, I am sure I kept true to my principle, which is to live and die the vicar of Bray ! " BRAY, Anna JEUza (KEMPE), an English author- ess, born in Surrey about 1800. She married in 1818 Mr. Charles Stothard, an artist and an- tiquary, whom she accompanied in artistic ex- cursions, and who was accidentally killed in 1821 ; and about 1825 she became the wife of the Rev. Edward Atkyns Bray, vicar of Tavistock. Mrs. Bray's works (of which a uniform edition in 10 vols. appeared in 1844) consist chiefly of books of travel and historical romances, many of which have been translated into German. One of her most valuable productions is on the " Borders of the Tamar and Tavy," in a series of letters addressed to Southey. Mrs. Bray has written a memoir of her first husband, and in 1851 published that of his father, the emi- nent artist Thomas Stothard. She has also published a life of Handel (1857), and one of her second husband, with his " Poetical Re- mains " (1859). Her latest productions are : " The Good St. Louis and his Times " and "The Revolt of the Protestants of the 06- vennes" (1870); " Hartland Forest, a Legend of North Devon " (1871) ; " Joan of Arc, and the Times of Charles VII., King of France." BRAY, Thomas, an English clergyman and philanthropist, born at Morton, Shropshire, in 1656, died in London, Feb. 15, 1730. Being selected by Bishop Compton to build up the infant Anglican church in Maryland, with the title of ecclesiastical commissary, he founded in 1698 the society for propagating the gospel in foreign parts, and sailed for Maryland Dec. 16, 1699, arriving March 12, 1700. He was re- ceived with great cordiality, and the " act of religion " ivas adopted by the legislature as he desired. He returned to England in 1701. Under the patronage of the princess, afterward Queen Anne, he established a number of paro- chial libraries in America, and he set on foot through England and "Wales lending libraries in every deanery, whence the neighboring clergy might borrow books, and where they might meet for mutual consultation. He also engaged in the reformation of prison abuses, the establishment of parish workhouses, and other benevolent undertakings. BRAZIL (Imperio do Brazil), a country of South America, and the only empire in the new world, extending from lat. 4 30' N. to 33 S., and from Ion. 35 to 73 W. It is bounded N. by the United States of Colombia, Venezuela, British, Dutch, and French Guiana, and the Atlantic ocean ; E. by the Atlantic ; S. by Uruguay, the Argentine Republic, and Para- guay; and W. by Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and the United States of Colombia. It thus borders upon all the South American republics except Chili. It occupies more than two fifths of the South American continent, and has, after Rus- sia, the most extensive contiguous territory of any government on the globe. The line of demarcation at the extreme N. W. has not yet been definitively drawn ; but, including the ter- ritory annexed to the empire by a recent treaty with Bolivia, it covers an area of about 3,200,- 000 sq. m. Its greatest breadth is 2,470 rn., and its greatest length 2,600. Paraguay in 1872 ceded to Brazil, as a war indemnity, a long disputed territory comprised between the Paraguay and Parana, N. of the Apa and Iga- tim. This territory has an area of about 16,000 sq. m. The empire is divided into 20 prov- inces and one neutral municipality (municipio neutro), which, with their areas, estimated population in 1871, and capitals, aro as follows : PROVINCES. Area. Population. Capitals. 696,700 70,000 Manaos. 460000 820,000 168.000 835,000 Sao Luiz. Piauhy 94500 282000 Ceara 42,684 650.000 Portaleza. Eio Grande do Norte. . 38,000 81,600 280,000 JMI.Uiill Xatal Parahyba. 67,583 1,250,000 Bectfe. 21,204 800.000 Maccio Ser^ipe . ... 12,240 275,000 Bahla 233.524 1,400,000 14,049 65,000 Victoria. 26600 920,000 98.547 835.000 8uo Pauib. 72.000 90,000 Coritiba. '/.. .<.<|) 140,000 78,836 420,000 Porto Alepre. 280000 1,450.000 884,000 151,000 Goyaz. 551,575 100.000 Municiplo Neutro 283 450,000 Kio de Janeiro, Total 8,200,000 9,918,000 The population of Brazil has been variously estimated at different periods, since no facilities exist for computing it with absolute accuracy, and no regular census has been taken. Some authorities set it down as high as 12,000,000, while others admit no more than 7,000,000. The foregoing table, however, is believed to present the closest approximation to truth at the present time (1873). The population of the leading cities is as follows : Bahia, 150,- 000; Belem or Para, 25,000 to 40,000; Por- taleza, 16,000; Sao Luiz de Maranhao, 30,000; Parahyba, 13,000; Recife or Pernambuco, 70,000; Porto Alegre, 22,000; Rio de Janeiro, 450,000 ; Sao Paulo, 20,000. Brazil is inhab- ited by an agglomeration of many races. In the northern provinces the Indian element prevails, while in Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas, the negroes are numerous. In the seaports the chief part of the population is of European descent. The whites number probably one third of the entire population,