Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/315

BROMLEY BRONCHITIS 309 in case of antimony and of tin ; even gold combines with it, though slowly ; its compound with silver furnishes a material of consid- erable value in photographic operations. Bro- mine resembles chlorine in its power of com- bining with hydrogen and forming with it a very powerful acid. The oxyacids of bromine are, with the exception of bromic acid, nearly unknown, and this compound even has never been obtained in the form of anhydride. Bromide of nitrogen is an oily-looking liquid, resembling chloride of nitrogen in its explo- sive properties. Bromine is employed in the manufacture of aniline colors, and its com- pounds are extensively used in medicine and photography. Bromoform, analogous to chlo- roform, has been prepared by chemists, and used to a slight extent as an anaesthetic. The hydrate of bromal has also been experimented upon as a hypnotic. BROMLEY, a market town and parish of Eng- land, in the county of Kent, 10 m. S. E. of Lon- don; pop. in 1871,5,924. It consists chiefly of one long and neatly built street, contains some good houses, a well endowed school, a handsome college, founded by Bishop Werner in 1666 for the residence and support of 40 clergymen's widows, and a Gothic church, con- taining the tomb of Dr. Johnson's wife. BROMME. I. Trinitron, a German traveller and bookseller, born at Anger, near Leipsic, in 1802, died Dec. 4, 1865. He settled in the United States in 1820, travelled extensively in Texas and Mexico, cruised in the West Indies as surgeon of a Colombian war schooner, and was detained at Hayti for a year as prisoner, but with permission to explore the island. Re- leased and indemnified by the Colombian gov- ernment, he returned to Germany, where he became a partner in Walther's publishing house at Dresden, and wrote a number of books on his travels in the new world. His Hand- und Reuebuch f&r Answanderer nach Nord-, Mit- tel und Sud-Amerika, has passed through many editions. Transferring his establishment to Stuttgart in 1844, he continued to devote his attention, though not exclusively, to the same class of publications. II. Karl Rudolf, brother of the preceding, born at Anger in 1804, died at St. Magnus, near Bremen, Jan. 9, 1860. He acquired distinction as a naval engineer, and having explored the greater part of the old and the new world, and made some new inventions and improvements in naval batteries, he received an appointment in the Greek navy in 1827, as first lieutenant. He was event- ually promoted to the command of a corvette and despatched to Candia to escort the Chris- tian fugitives back to Greece. He projected the establishment of a naval academy, which was joined to the royal military academy, And both institutions were placed under his direc- tioa. In 1848 he was summoned to Frankfort to take part in the organization of the project- ed German fleet, and was appointed rear ad- miral of the German navy. After the dissolu- tion of the fleet he engaged in writing his me- moirs. In 1857 he accepted employment in the Austrian service, as engineer-in-chief in the navy, at Milan. He wrote several nautical and mathematical works in German, French, and English ; also, under the nom de plume of C. K. Termo, Skizzen aits dem Leben eines See- manne (1832). BROMOFORM, CHBr 3 , a chemical compound analogous to chloroform, in which 3 atoms of hydrogen are replaced by 3 atoms of bromine. It is a colorless liquid, sp. gr. 2 - 13, with an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It possess- es anaesthetic properties, but cannot be rec- ommended for that purpose as a substitute for chloroform. It is produced by the simultane- ous action of bromine and caustic potash on wood-spirit, alcohol, or acetone. BROMSGROYE, a town of Worcestershire, England, 12 m. S. S. W. of Birmingham ; pop. in 1871, 13,739. It is situated in a highly cultiva- ted valley, on the river Salwarp, near the Bir- mingham and Worcester canal. The principal church has a fine tower and spire, and contains many ancient monuments of the Talbot-Shrews- bury family ; an inscription from one of them, erected to the memory of the great Lord Tal- bot, who died in 1453, and his two wives, was in 1871 given in evidence in the great Shrews- bury case. The town contains several places of worship and a free grammar school. Nails, buttons, and needles are manufactured here; and in the adjoining parish of Stoke Prior are famous salt and alkali works. In the reign of Edward II., when 'the linen trade was exten- sive, the town returned two members to par- liament ; but on the decline of that trade, the inhabitants asked to be relieved from repre- sentation in parliament. BRONCHI (Gr. pp6yx<>s, the windpipe), the two main branches into which the trachea di- vides, at the upper part of the chest, in passing to the lungs. They are nearly cylindrical tubes composed of a series of cartilaginous rings, connected with each other. by a strong fibre- elastic membrane and lined by a continuation of the mucous membrane of the trachea. The cartilaginous rings serve to keep the bronchi open and pervious for the passage of the air in inspiration. Immediately before entering the lungs each of the bronchi divides, the right into three branches, the left into two, corre- sponding with the number of lobes of the right and left lung respectively. These branches themselves afterward divide and subdivide in the interior of the lungs, forming the " bron- chial tubes," which finally convey the air to the pulmonary lobules and air vesicles. BRONCHITIS, an inflammatory affection of the mucous membrane lining the bronchial tubes. As it ordinarily occurs, this disease is limited to the larger bronchial tubes, the in- flammation often not extending beyond the primary bronchi and the divisions of these which are situated exterior to the lungs. The inflammation may be either acute, subacute, or