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BONAPARTE 31 Mortier to treat for a suspension of hostilities, and subsequently consented to a capitulation. He then joined Maria Louisa and her son at Blois, attempted in vain to rejoin Napoleon at Fontainebleau, and went to Switzerland, where he purchased the chateau of Prangins on the lake of Geneva. On hearing of the emperor's landing at Cannes, Joseph hastened to Paris, and endeavored to gain the support of Lafay- ette, Mme. de Stael, Benjamin Constant, and his other personal friends, for his brother's last desperate attempt at restoration, by holding out the promise of a constitutional form of government. After the battle of "Waterloo he met Napoleon for the last time, June 29, 1815, and in vain proposed to take his place as prisoner, by passing himself off for him. Na- poleon still hoping to be able to escape to the United States, the two brothers pledged them- selves to meet there. While the emperor was conveyed to St. Helena, Joseph embarked at Ro van, July 25, under the name of Count de Sur- villiers, for New York. He purchased a house in Philadelphia, where he lived during the winter, and extensive grounds and a mansion called Point Breeze, near Bprdentown, N. J., where he generally spent his summers. An act was passed in 1817 by the legislature of New Jersey to enable him, as an alien, to hold real estate; and at his request a similar act was passed in 1825 by the state of New York, where he resided some time in a secluded man- sion on the edge of the great northern wilder- ness. He endeared himself to Americans by his benevolence, affability, and accomplishments ; and he was elected to many philanthropical and learned associations. His wife was pre- vented by her delicate health from joining him ; but his two daughters and his son-in-law, the prince of Canino, lived with him in the United States. Among his other faithful companions was O'Farrell, formerly one of his ministers in Spain. His exile was cheered by the visits of Lafayette and other distinguished personages, but it was deeply saddened in 1821 by the death of Napoleon, to whom Joseph had never ceased to be tenderly devoted. As chief of the Bonaparte family, he ineffectually exerted him- self after the revolution of July, 1830, for the recognition of the claims of Napoleon II. to the throne of France, and protested against the accession of any other dynasty. In 1832, on hearing of the duke of Reichstadt's illness, he went to Europe ; but being informed of his death at Liverpool, he remained in England. In 1834 he joined his brother Lucien in a protest against the banishment of their family from France, disclaiming all unpatriotic and ambitious de- signs, and declaring their submission to the popular will. In 1837 he returned to the United States, but in 1839 again went to Eng- land. Some time after his second arrival in London he was struck with paralysis, and sought relief in vain at Wildbad, Wurtemberg. In order to escape from the English climate and to rejoin his family, he wished to proceed 106 VOL. in. 3 to Italy. Even in 1841, however, he conld only obtain the consent of the king of Sardinia to his residing in Genoa ; but this example was soon followed by the grand duke of Tuscany, and he spent the rest of his life with his family in Florence. Joseph was not made for camps or thrones; his ambition was moderate, and he found the main sources of happiness in do- mestic and social life, and in the gratification of his literary and artistic tastes. His presence was elegant and courtly, and his manners were singularly winning. The correspondence be- tween himself and Napoleon I., which has been published since his death, reveals the confiden- tial intercourse of the two brothers, and throws considerable light upon the details of important events and transactions. Joseph presented the various insignia of the legion of honor which had been worn by Napoleon to the French government, and many pictures from the col- lection of his uncle Cardinal Fesch to Corsican towns. The museum of Versailles contains a marble statue of Joseph, by Delaistre ; a bust, by Bartolini ; and a portrait of him by G6rard. See Memoires et correspondance politique et militaire du roi Joseph, by Du Casse (10 vols., Paris, 1853-'5 ; an English selection from the same, 2 vols., New York, 1856), and Memoires, by Miot de Melito (3 vols., Paris, 1858). His wife died in Florence, April 7, 1845. Their elder daughter, ZENA!DE CHAKLOTTE JULIE, married her cousin the prince of Canino, and died in Italy in 1854. The younger daughter, CHABLOTTE, born in Paris, Oct. 31, 1802, mar- ried her cousin, the second son of Louis, had no children, became a widow in 1831, and died at Sarzana, Italy, March 2, 1839. BONAPARTE. I. Louis, king of Holland, third brother of Napoleon, born in Ajaccio in Septem- ber, 1778, died in Leghorn, July 25, 1846. Na- poleon wished him to study military science at Chalons, but this project was not carried out, and he subsequently served under his brother in Italy and Egypt, and displayed bravery in various engagements, especially at the battle of Arcole. He cooperated with Napoleon on the 18th Brumaire, and rose to the rank of colonel. He was in love with a schoolmate of his sister Caroline, and consented with great reluctance, at the. urgent request of Napoleon and Josephine, to marry Hortense, Josephine's daughter. (See BEAUHABNAIS.) Hortense was equally indifferent to the alliance, which proved unhappy. In 1804 he was made general and councillor of state, and after the establishment of the empire he became prince and constable, governor general of the transalpine depart- ments, and military commander of Paris as successor of Murat, who took the place first destined to Louis at the head of the reserve in the proposed expedition against England. Against the wishes of Louis, the crown of Hol- land was forced upon him by Napoleon, and he was proclaimed king at Saint Cloud, June 5, 1806. Napoleon, in replying to the Dutch admiral Verhnel's discourse on that occasion,