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BUOIIU BUCKINGHAM 385 Buchu (Barosma crenata). terials for his Collect-ion des cJironiques natio- nales franfiises (47 vols., Paris, 1824-'9). He also collected, chiefly in Greece, original ma- terials relating to the French occupation of the East during the crusades, and published the results of his researches in several works. Itl Till (Hottentot, bookoo), the leaves of several species of barosma, a genus of the fam- ily rutaceae. B. crenata, B. crenulata, and B. serratifolia yield each a variety, distinguish- ed respectively as short or round, medium, and long buchn. The leaves contain a highly odorous volatile oil, extractive, and resin. Buchu is used in medicine in substance, ex- tract, infusion, and tincture. Its ac- tive principles, es- pecially the vola- tile oil, having been absorbed, are eliminated by the kidneys, which they gently stim- ulate. Sweating may be produced by it under favor- able circumstances. It is chiefly employed in chronic affections of the urinary organs, espe- cially of the ureters and bladder. BUCK, the male of several wild animals of the deer family, and especially the male of the fallow deer of England, dama vulgari*. The term buck is also applied correctly to males of the roe (capreolm capraa) of Europe, of the spotted axis (axis maculata) of India, of the antelopes, and of the wild and domestic goat ; improperly to the male of the American deer (cariacus Virginianus), of the black-tailed deer (C. macrotis), and of the Mexican deer (C. Mexicanus). It is also improperly applied to the American elk or wapiti (cervus Canadensis), as the true name of the males of such deer as rank as cervi is stag or hart, while that of the female is hind. Wherever the word buck is cor- rect of the male, doe is proper for the female. The young of both are indiscriminately known as fawns, though the young of the stag is properly called a calf. (See DEER, and FALLOW DEEB.) Bl'CKAU, a town of Germany, in the Prussian province of Saxony, on the Elbe, closely adjoin- ing Magdeburg; pop. in 1871, 9,696. It has several flourishing manufactories, embracing the machine works of the Hamburg and Mag- deburg steamship company. BUCKEBURG, a town of" Germany, capital of the principality of Schaumberg-Lippe, on the river Aa, C m. E. S. E. of Minden; pop. in 1867, 4,214. It has a large castle, surrounded by u, park, and a gymnasium. In the vicinity is the summer palace of Baum. BUCKEYE. See HOBSE CHESTNUT. BUCKINGHAM, a central county of Virginia, bounded N. and N. W. by the James river, and S. by the Appomattox ; area, 680 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 13,871, of whom 7,711 were colored. The surface is somewhat hilly and the soil not very rich, except near the rivers. Near Willis mountain are gold mines. Iron is found here, and valuable slate quarries have been opened near the Slate river. The James River canal passes along the border of the county. The chief productions in 1870 were 76,894 bushels of wheat, 112,336 of Indian corn, 96,314 of oats, and 809,937 Ibs. of tobacco. There were 1,138 horses, 1,819 milch cows, 2,958 other cattle, 2,922 sheep, and 6,898 swine. Capital, Marysville. . BUCKINGHAM, a parliamentary and municipal borough of England, the county town of Buck- inghamshire, 50 m. N. W. of London ; pop. of the municipal borough in 1871, 3,703. It is built on a peninsula formed by the river Ouse, which is here crossed by three bridges. A branch of the Grand Junction canal runs through it, and a branch of the London and Northwestern railway gives easy communica- tion with the metropolis. The chief public buildings are the town hall, the jail, and the large parish church, erected in 1781. Buck- ingham once employed many women in lace- making, but this branch of industry is now de- clining. There are some breweries and tan yards, and in the vicinity are corn and paper mills and quarries of limestone and marble. There are numerous fairs for horses, cattle, and sheep. The reform act of 1867 deprived the borough of one of its two members of parlia- ment. BUCKINGHAM, Earls and Dnkes of. The title of earl of Buckingham seems at first to have been borne by the younger sons of the Plan- tagenet kings ; as was the case with the youngest son of Edward III., who was created duke of Gloucester by his nephew, Eichard II., and subsequently murdered by his orders in the castle of Calais. Gloucester's son having died without issue, his heir, Humphrey, earl of Stafford, was created duke of Buckingham. He was succeeded by Henry Stafford, "the deep revolving, wily Buckingham " of Shake- speare, and grandson of the duke of Glouces- ter above mentioned. Having assisted Richard III. to gain the throne, he afterward conspired with the Lancastrians, was betrayed to Richard, and put to death in 1483. His son, Edward Stafford, was restored to his honors and estates by Henry VII. in 1486 ; but having fallen under the suspicions of Henry VIII., he was behead- ed in 1521. With him ended the ducal title in the house of Stafford. The title of earl of Buckingham was revived in 1017, and confer- red upon George Villiers. I. George VilUerg, duke of Buckingham, an English statesman, horn Aug. 20, 1592, died Aug. 23, 1628. He was a younger son of Sir Edward Villiers, of Brookes- by in Leicestershire. His fine person, ready