Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/451

BUEDACH BURDETT 445 BO slave dealers, and after suffering innumera- ble trials and privations, he arrived at Jiddah, July 18. Mehemet Ali penetrated his disguise, but relieved him in his pecuniary distress, and permitted him to make a pilgrimage to Mecca, where he arrived Sept. 9; and after making also a pilgrimage to Mount Arafat, he visited Medina, and, barely escaping from the plague, finally returned to Cairo, June 24, 1815. He then undertook a journey into lower Egypt, and in 1816 visited and ascended Mount Sinai. He was about to join a caravan for Fezzan, with a view of exploring the sources of the Niger, when he died, and as a sheikh was interred in the Moslem burial ground. He bequeathed his collection of 500 volumes of oriental MSS. to the library of the university of Cambridge. His works include narratives of his travels in Nubia (London, 1819), in Syria and the Holy Land (1822), in Arabia (1829), "Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians" (1830), "Notes on the Bedouins and Wahabys" (1830), and "Arabian Prov- erbs" (1831). HI UDACII, Karl Friedrieh, a German physiol- ogist, born at Leipsic, June 12, 1776, died July 16, 1847. He graduated in medicine at Leip- sic in 1800, and in 1811 became professor of physiology in the university of Dorpat. Three years later he was transferred to the corre- sponding chair in the university of Konigsberg. Here he passed the greater part of his life, and performed most of his scientific labor, although he was subsequently attached to the university of Breslau. His writings give evidence of much research and originality, though wanting in simplicity. The most important are : Hand- buck der neuesten Entdecknngen in der Heil- mittellehre (Leipsic, 1805) ; Beitrage zur n&he- ren Kenntniss des Gehirns, in HinsicJit auf Physiologic (2 vols., 1806) ; System der Arz- neimittellehre (4 vols., 1807-'9 ; 2d ed., 1817- '19); Handbuch der Patholo'gie (1808); Die Literatur der Heilwissensehaft (3 vols., Gotha, 1810-'21) ; Vom Berne und Leben des Gehirns und BiicleenmarTcs (3 vols., Leipsic, 1819-'25) ; Die Physiologic als Erfahrungswissenschaft (6 vols., 1826-'40), translated into French by Jonrdan (Paris, 1837-'40); Umrisse einer Phy- siologie des Nervensystems (1844). BURDEK1N, a river on the N. E. coast of Australia, in the N. part of the colony of Queensland. It flows S. E. about 230 m., then E., N., and again E., to Upstart bay ; total length about 350 m. It was first discovered by Leichardt, and in 1859 investigated more fully by Dalrymple. Bl'KDEN, Henry, an American inventor, born at Dumblane, Scotland, April 20, 1791, died in Troy, N. Y., Jan. 19, 1871. He was the son of a farmer, studied mathematics, engineer- ing, and drawing at Edinburgh, and settled in the United States in 1819. He soon made an improved plough, and in 1820 invented the first cultivator used in the United States. He obtained patents for making wrought spikes in 1825, for horse shoes in 1835, for the hook- headed spike which is used on American rail- roads in 1840, and for a self-acting machine for reducing puddlers' balls into blooms in 1840, and into bars in 1849. His greatest achieve- ment was his machine for making horse shoes, which was patented in the United States in 1857, and in the principal European countries. It produces from the iron bars 60 shoes per minute. He also invented a suspension water wheel. In 1833 he built a steamboat 300 ft. long, with paddle wheels 30 ft. in diameter; from its shape it was called the " cigar boat." It was lost through the mismanagement of the pilot. Long before Mr. Brunei, he proposed the construction of gigantic ocean steamers. BCBDER, George, an English clergyman, one of the founders of the London missionary so- ciety, born in London, June 5, 1752, died there. May 29, 1832. He left the study of the fine arts for that of divinity, was pastor of the Inde- pendent church at Lancaster from 1778 to 1783, afterward at Coventry till 1803, and sub- sequently of the church in Fetter lane, Lon- don. He was secretary of the London mis- sionary society, and editor of its organ, the " Evangelical Magazine." His " Village Ser- mons " (6 vols., 1799-1812) were translated into many foreign languages. He also published volumes of " Cottage Sermons," " Sea Ser- mons," and " Sermons to the Aged," which were very widely circulated ; and edited the " Pilgrim's Progress " and Henry's " Commen- taries upon the Bible." BURDETT, Sir Francis, an English politician, born Jan. 25, 1770, died Jan. 23, 1844. After completing his edupation at Oxford he passed some years on the continent. His residence in Paris during the early part of the French revolution, and his study of French politics, led to his adoption of principles of more radi- cal reform than had been prominently ad- vanced in England at that day, and on his re- turn home in 1793 he was strongly encouraged in his opinions by his friend John Home Tooke. He married, Aug. 5, 1793, Sophia, youngest daughter of Thomas Coutts, a London banker. In 1796 he was elected a member of parlia- ment for Boroughbridge, largely through the influence of the duke of Newcastle. In 1797 he succeeded to the baronet's title of his grand- father, his father and elder brothers having died within a few years. In parliament he distinguished himself by advocacy of the most radical measures, and assailed the government as inimical to the people. He became especial- ly prominent through the investigations sug- gested by him into the management of Cold Bath Fields and other prisons. In 1802 he again became a candidate, this time for Mid- dlesex, and was opposed by Mr. Mainwaring, his bitterest opponent in the house. The con- test was one of the greatest excitement, and the first election, giving Sir Francis the victory, was declared irregular and void. A new elec- tion in 1804, at which Mr. Mainwaring's son