Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/481

BURNSIDE BURR 475 tie of South Mountain, Sept. 14, 1862, com- manded the left wing at Antietam, and after- ward one of the three corps into which the Union army was divided. On Nov. 7 he super- seded McClellan in the command of the army of the Potomac. He moved from the Rapidan to Fredericksburg on the Rappahannock, in- tending to cross the river at that point and move upon Richmond ; but before he was pre- pared to cross, Gen. Lee had taken possession of the heights on the opposite bank. Burnside crossed Dec. 12, and on the next day endeav- ored to force the confederate lines. His re- peated attacks, however, were all repulsed, and in the engagement the Union loss was 1,152 killed, 9,101 wounded, 3,234 missing 13,487 in all ; the confederate loss was 595 killed, 4,061 wounded, 653 missing 5,309 in all. Several officers of high rank severely crit- icised his measures, and he asked that they should be removed, tendering his resignation of the command in case they were not. His resignation was accepted, and he was succeed- ed by Gen. Hooker, Jan. 26, 1863. In May he was assigned to the command of the depart- ment of the Ohio, taking with him two divi- sions of the 9th corps, and soon afterward ar- rested C. L. Vallandigham for expressing dis- loyal sentiments. Early in June the 9th corps was detached from Burnside's command, and sent to aid Gen. Grant at Vicksburg. Du- ring this absence occurred Morgan's raid, after which Burnside undertook to free East Ten- nessee from the confederates. In this he was successful, and received the thanks of congress. Late in September the 9th corps was restored to the command of Burnside. Gen. Lee had in the mean while sent Longstreet to Tennessee with a strong force from Virginia. Burnside fell back to Knoxville, where he was besieged till the beginning of December, when the siege was abandoned on the approach of Sherman with a detachment from Grant's army. Burnside was then relieved from the command in the west, and in January, 1864, again placed in command of the 9th corps, to which a division of colored troops was attached. The original design was to send this corps to North Carolina ; but Grant, now in chief command, required it in Virginia. Grant having crossed the Rapidan on May 4, the 9th corps followed the next day, and took part in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and the North Anna, May 6-25. The corps was now attached to the army of the Potomac, and placed under the immediate com- mand of Gen. Meade, Burnside waiving his seniority in rank. In the subsequent opera- tions, down to the siege of Petersburg, the corps bore a prominent part. During the early part of the siege Burnside's lines were close to those of the enemy, and opposite them was a strong redoubt, forming an important part of the confederate defence. Burnside undertook to blow up this work by running a mine be- neath it. This was completed in a month, and was exploded on June 30. The redoubt was blown up, but the general assault which was to follow the explosion was not made, and the effort proved a total failure. Burnside proffered his resignation, which the president refused to accept, but gave him leave of ab- sence. He was not again called into active service, and resigned April 15, 1865. In 1866 he was elected governor of Rhode Island, and reflected in the two following years. Since 1869 he has been engaged in business. In the autumn of 1870, being in Europe, he was ad- mitted within the German and French lines in and around Paris, and ineffectually endeavored to mediate between the belligerents. BUEOW, Julie, a German novelist, born at Kydullen, Prussia, Feb. 24, 1806, died in Brom- berg, Feb. 19, 1868. She was educated in El- bing, removed to Dantzic in 1823, and in 1830 married the architect Pfannenschmidt._ Her first novel, Frauenlooz (3 vols., Konigsberg, 1850), was followed by AILS dem Leben eines OluMichen (3 vols., 1852). Among her later works are Johannes JTepler (3 vols., Prague, 1857-'65), and Die Preuisen in Prog (1867). She also wrote poetry and on the education of women and children, and in 1857 published her autobiography. BIKK. I. Aaron, an American clergyman and educator, born in Fail-field, Conn., Jan. 4, 1716, died Sept. 24, 1757. In 1738 he be- came pastor of the Presbyterian church in Newark, N. J., and in 1748 the second presi- dent of the college of New Jersey in that place (afterward removed to Princeton), of which he was one of the principal founders. He was succeeded in this office by Jonathan Edwards, his father-in-law. He published "The Su- preme Deity of our Lord Jesus Christ Main- tained " (new ed., 1791), several sermons, and a Latin grammar (1752). II. Aaron, an American soldier and politician, third vice president of the United States, son of the pre- ceding, born at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756, died on Staten Island, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1836. Both his parents died before he was three years old, leaving him a considerable estate. He graduated at Princeton college in 1772, entered the army as a private, accompanied Arnold in the expedition to Canada, and was present at the attack upon Quebec. For his services in this campaign he was made ma- jor, and invited to join the military family of Washington. Some event soon occurred which compelled Burr to leave headquarters, and produced in the mind of Washington an impression against him which was never re- moved. As aide-de-camp to Gen. Putnam, Burr was engaged in the defence of New York, and in 1777 he was made lieutenant colonel, with the command of his regiment. He was in the camp at Valley Forge, and distinguished himself at the battle of Monmouth, where he commanded a brigade. During the winter of 1778 and 1779 he was stationed in Westches- ter county, N. Y., and for a short time was in command at West Point. Early in the follow-