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536 CADET DE VAUX CADIZ old masters that his imitations could hardly be distinguished from the originals; but he never produced any notable works of his own. CADET m: VAl'X, Antoine Alexis Franfois, a FivnHi chemist, born in Paris, Sept. 13, 1743, died at Nogent-les-Vierges, June 29, 1828. Originally an apothecary, he devoted himself to the study of chemistry as applied to every- day life. He invented the galactometer, in- troduced a new mode of disinfection, secured the prohibition of the use of copper measures by tradesmen, procured the suppression of the eimetiere des innocents, and introduced agricultural fairs into France. In 1772 he opened a school for instruction in bread mak- ing, and in 1777 founded the Journalde Paris. He published several works on rural and house- hold economy. CADI (Arab. Jcadi, from kadai, to judge), a magistrate in Mohammedan countries. In those countries, law and religion being both founded upon the Koran, the clergy and the officers of the law form a single order. In Turkey any Ottoman may enter this order by passing a prescribed examination, whereupon he receives the title of imam. Those who propose to devote themselves to the law pur- sue a further course of study, and are then qualified for the office of cadi. The cadi has the powers of a judge of courts of ordinary civil and criminal jurisdiction, and those of surrogate and notary public. Properly, the cadi is a magistrate in a village or town, the superior judge of a city or province being styled a mollah. 'CADILLAC, Antoine de la Mothe, a French ex- plorer, born in Gascony, died about 1720. After being a captain in the marine service he came to Acadia (now Nova Scotia), and in 1691 obtained a grant of Mount Desert island, Maine. He command- ed at Michilimackinac from 1691 to 1697, founded Detroit in 1701, and commanded there for several years, often involved in trou- bles caused by his rash- ness and prejudices. He was governor of Louisiana from 1712 to 1717, and endeavored to work silver mines, and to open trade with Mexico, but failed. He established forts among the Alibamons and Nachitoches, and by his unwise conduct cre- ated the first troubles with the Natchez. In 1787 his descendants recovered some of his lands in Maine. CADIZ. I. A S. province of Spain, being the part of Andalusia bounded N. by Seville, E. by Malaga and the Mediterranean, S. by the straits of Gibraltar and the Atlantic, and W. by the At- lantic and the Guadalquivir, which separates it from Huelva; area, 2,806 sq. m. ; pop. in 1867, 417,046. It is hilly and mountainous, being traversed by the Sierra Nevada. Only a part is under cultivation. About 24,000 acres are vineyards, and the finest wines of Spain are produced near Jerez. The principal rivers are the Guadalquivir, the Salado, and the Guadalete. The railway from Seville to Cadiz traverses the western part of the prov- ince. The principal towns are Cadiz, Puerto de Santa Maria, San Lucar de Barameda, Jerez de la Frontera, Arcos de la Frontera, and Al- geciras. II. The capital of the province, situ- ated upon a promontory which extends N. W. into the Atlantic from the Isla de Leon, in lat. 36 31' N., Ion. 6 17' W., 310 m. S. W. of Madrid ; pop. about 72,000. The Isla de Leon is separated from the mainland by a narrow channel, the Rio de Santi Petri, at the en- trance of which from the ocean is the fort of Santi Petri. On the right of the railway from Seville as it approaches the city are the forts of San Luis, Puntales, and Matagorda. The railway passes over a low and narrow isthmus to the rocky point on which the city is built. On the opposite side of the bay enclosed by this isthmus and point are Puerto de Santa Maria, at the mouth of the Guadalete, and the fort of Santa Catalina. The city is sur- rounded by walls, and is one of the most strongly fortified places in Spain. The light- house of San Sebastian, on the W. or ocean side, is 172 ft. high from its base, and may be seen 20 m. out at sea. On the east, outside of the ramparts, is the principal promenade, the The Alameda at Cadiz. Alameda. The city has a clean appearance on account of the white stone used in build- ing. Many of the houses are surmounted by observatories called miradores. The streets