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CALLIERES BONNEVUE CALLISTRATUS 621 ( U.I.I KKKS BONNEVUE, Louis Hector, cheva- lier de, governor of Canada, born in France in 1639, died in Quebec, May 26, 1703. He en- tered the army early in lite, and in 1664 rose to a captaincy in the regiment of Navarre. He was governor of Montreal in 1684, and three years after led the van of Denonville's army which invaded the Seneca country in western New York. Seeing the impossibility of hold- ing Canada without the possession of New York, he laid a plan for its redaction before his government, and went to France to urge it. His administration at Montreal showed such judgment, capacity, and bravery that he was appointed governor general of Canada in 1699. He maintained the ascendancy acquired by Frontenac, founded Detroit, secured the west- ern tribes, checked the Iroquois, and support- ed the Abenaquis. He was seized with a fatal illness while attending mass. ( 11,1,111 V< III s. I. A Greek architect and statuary, supposed to have lived before 396 B. C., and said to have invented the Corinthian column. II. An Alexandrian grammarian and poet, born at Cyrene in Africa, died about 240 B. C. He was chief librarian of the Alexan- drian library from 260 till his death. For some time he kept a school at Alexandria, and numbered among his pupils Eratosthenes, Aris- tophanes of Byzantium, and Apollonius Rho- dius. Only six hymns and 74 epigrams remain of his numerous writings. (' ll.LI.US OF EPHESl'S, the earliest Greek elegiac poet, lived about 700 B. C. One of his elegies consisting of 21 lines is extant, having been preserved by Stobeeus. CALLIOPE, in Greek mythology, the muse of epic poetry, named from the sweetness of her voice (nal.6;, beautiful, and oi/;, the voice). She Calliope. (From the Museum of the Vatican.) is represented in ancient art as bearing a tablet and stilus, waiting to record heroic deeds. She is particularly associated in the ancient statues with Homer. CALLIRKHOE, a fountain near Athens. In the time of the Pisistr.ttidiu it received the name Enneacrunus (the nine springs), because its waters were there distributed by nine pipes. It still bears its ancient name. < U,l.lsi;. I. Hendrik, a Danish surgeon, born at Preetz, Holstein, May 11, 1740, died in Copenhagen, Feb. 5, 1824. He was a sur- geon in the navy, and studied abroad at the expense of the Danish government. In 1794he became general director and the principal pro- fessor of the surgical academy, after having de- clined in 1787 a professorship at the university of Berlin. He retired in 1805. A second and enlarged edition of his Imtitutiones Chirurgice hodieriuB (1777) appeared in 1798-1800, under the title of Principia Systematin Ohirurgm hodiernce, and more recent editions under that of Systema Chirurgm hodiernal. It has been translated into German. II. Adolph Carl Peder, nephew of the preceding, born in Glilckstadt, April 8, 1786. He acquired distinction as a sur- gical professor at Copenhagen (1816 to 1843), and as the author of a biographical dictionary of living physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, and naturalists (Mediciniiches Schriftstellerlexikon der jetzt lebenden Aerzte, Wundiirzte, Geburti- helfer, Apotheker und Naturfortcher aller gebil- deten Vulker, 33 vols., Copenhagen, 1829-'45). 41,1,1 sr HI A (Gr., from KaKkiaTelov, prize of beauty), a festival among the ancient Greeks at which a prize was adjudged to the fairest. One of these contests was held by the women in the temple of Juno on the island of Lesbos ; another formed a part of the festival celebrated by the Parrhasians in Arcadia, in honor of Ceres Eleusinia ; and a third occurred among the Eleans. In the last, only men contended ; the most beautiful man received a suit of ar- mor which he dedicated to Minerva, and on his way to the temple was encompassed by his friends and adorned with ribbons and a myrtle wreath. CALLISTHENES, a Greek philosopher, born at Olynthus. He was a relation and pupil of Aristotle, by whose recommendation he accom- panied Alexander the Great to Asia. He often expressed disapprobation to Alexander, and at length, when the conqueror had adopted the pomp and the- humiliating ceremonial of the Persian court, Callisthenes not only freely ut- tered his own indignation, but excited displeas- ure among the soldiers. He was put to death by command of Alexander. He wrote several histories, which are lost; but one of the most popular of the mediaeval romances, filled with traditions and fancies concerning the oriental life of Alexander, has been attributed to him. CALLISTO, an Arcadian nymph, a companion of Diana in the chase, beloved by Jupiter, to whom she bore a son, Areas. To conceal the amour, Jupiter metamorphosed her into a she bear. Juno discovered the truth, and caused Diana to shoot the bear. Jupiter placed Cal- listo, under the name of Arctos (bear), among the stars. CALLISTRATUS, an Athenian orator. He was a member of the oligarchical party in Athens,