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CALVADOS CALVERT 629 allel with its former course, and only 3 or 4 m. N. of it recrosses the Indiana boundary, and discharges its waters into Lake Michigan, in Lake county. ALVADOS, a department of France, bounded N. by the English channel, E. by the depart- ment of Eure, 8. by Orne, and W. by La Manche ; area, 2,130 sq. m. ; pop. in 1872, 454,- 012. It is formed from a part of the old province of Normandy, and takes its name from a reef of rocks which extends about 20m. along the coast. The coast has bays, and is in some parts low and sandy, in others characterized by bluffs and headlands. The interior is a fertile, rolling country, becoming somewhat hilly toward the south. The rivers run N. to the channel, and are the Touques, Dives, Orne, Seulle, and Dr&me, none of which are navigable for any considerable distance. Agriculture is prosper- ous, and large crops of wheat are raised. Ap- ples are cultivated for cider. The pasturage is excellent, and cattle are fattened for the mar- kets of Paris, Rouen, and Caen. Coal is mined at Littry, and iron, marble, and slate are found. The principal manufactures are lace, linen, cut- lery, cotton cloth, earthenware, and hats. There are extensive oyster beds on the coast, and the mackerel and herring fisheries are of some im- portance. The railway from Cherbourg trav- erses the department to the mouth of the Seine, and the export trade is mostly carried on through Havre. The department is divided into the arrondissements of Caen, Bayeux, Vire, Falaise, Lisieux, and Pont-l'Ev6quo. Capital, Caen. CALVAERT, or CalYSrt, Denis, called by the Italians Fiammingo, a Flemish painter of the Bolognese school, born in Antwerp in 1555, died in Bologna in 1619. He had a school in Bo- logna, thronged by pupils, including Guido, Albano, and Domenichino. CALVARY (the Latin translation of the He- brew name Golgotha, a skull), a locality N. of Jerusalem and outside the walls. The place took this name either from being a mound shaped like a skull, or from its being the place of public executions. It was the scene of the crucifixion of Christ, whose body was laid in a sepulchre prepared in a garden near by, which belonged to Joseph of Arimathea, a secret disciple. (See JERUSALEM.) CALVERT, a S. county of Maryland, on the W. shore of Chesapeake bay; area, 250 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 9,865, of whom 5,533 were colored. The Patuxent river forms its "W. boundary, and falls into the bay at the 8. extremity of the county. The surface is rolling ; the soil is good, and much improved by the application of marl, which is found here in considerable quantity. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,623 bushels of wheat, 178,409 of Indian corn, 28,740 of oats, and 3,158,200 Ibs. of to- bacco. There were 1,814 horses, 1,280 milch cows, 2,807 other cattle, 3,109 sheep, and 4,723 swine. Capital, Prince Frederick. CALVERT. I. George, the first Lord Bal- timore, born at Kipling in Yorkshire about 1582, died in London, April 15, 1632. He graduated at Oxford in 1597, when but 17 years old, was sent abroad to travel, and on his return became secretary of Robert Cecil, afterward earl of Salisbury. Cecil procured for Calvert one of the clerkships of the privy coun- cil, and in 1617 he was knighted. At length he was appointed one of the two secretaries of state, and hi 1620 he was granted an annual pension of 1,000. In 1624 he resigned his office, freely confessing to the king that he had become a Roman Catholic. James I., how- ever, retained Calvert in the privy council, and in 1625 made him baron of Baltimore, in the Irish peerage. He had obtained a patent from King James creating him proprietor of a part of the island of Newfoundland, with all the rights and privileges of nobility. To this region, which was styled Ferryland, he sent a colony in 1621, and he spent of his own fortune 25,- 000 in building warehouses and granaries, as well as a superb mansion for himself. He fol- lowed in 1625, about the time of King James's death, but was completely disappointed with Newfoundland, the climate proving too severe and the soil too rugged. In 1628 he visited the Virginia settlements and explored Chesa- peake bay. He was delighted with the coun- try, but the church of England party had full sway, and the authorities tendered to him the oath of supremacy, which as a Roman Catholic he could not take. From 1628 to 1632 little is known respecting him, but he is supposed to have returned to Newfoundland, as history relates that in the war between England and France he rescued 20 sail of fish- ing vessels (those of Newfoundland at the time being upward of 250 in number), after they had been captured by a French squadron. He re- turned to England, and in 1632 obtained from the king a renewal of his former charter, with the territory now forming the states of Mary- land and Delaware; but Lord Baltimore died before the papers could be duly executed, and they were issued, June 20, 1632, to his son Cecilius. II. Cecillns, second Lord Baltimore, son of the preceding, born about 1603, died in 1676. The charter which had been intended for his father was executed for him by the command of Charles I. It conferred on Lord Baltimore and his heirs for ever absolute own- ership of the territory granted, and also civil and ecclesiastical powers of a feudal nature. The name first intended for the colony was Crescentia, but Maryland was adopted instead, in compliment to the queen, Henrietta Maria. By the charter there was to be an annual pay- ment of two Indian arrows, by which Lord Baltimore acknowledged that the original title to the land was still in the possession of the king, and that the soil granted to him yet be- longed to the British empire. Entire exemp- tion from taxation was conceded to the col- onists. Lord Baltimore did not emigrate to America, but gave the management of the colo- ny to his brother. III. Leonard, brother of the