Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/661

CAMERON 655 supremo power in 1539, and subsequently, when he was made duke of Parma, Oamerino became part of the Papal States, and capital of a lega- tion till its incorporation with the kingdom of Italy in 1860. CAMERON, the name of three counties in the United States. I. A N. W. central county of Pennsylvania, intersected by Sinnemahoning creek ; area, 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 4,273. The surface is hilly, and generally covered with forests. The Philadelphia and Erie rail- road traverses it. The chief productions in 1870 were 2,658 bushels of wheat, 21,795 of Indian corn, 17,152 of oats, 20,535 of potatoes, and 2,153 tons of hay. There were 254 horses, 394 milch cows, 407 other cattle, 1,042 sheep, and 359 swine. Capital, Emporium. II. A S. W. parish of Louisiana, bordering on the gulf of Mexico, and intersected by Mermen- teau river; pop. in 1870, 1,591, of whom 342 were colored. The surface is low and swampy. The parish was formed in 1870 from portions of Calcasieu and Vermilion parishes. The chief productions in 1870 were 14,451 bushels of In- dian corn, 7,518 of sweet potatoes, 696 bales of cotton, and 14 hhds. of sugar. There were 1,343 horses, 1,165 milch cows, 8,233 other cattle, 3,840 sheep, and 2,794 swine. Capital, Grande Cheniere. III. A S. county of Texas, on the gulf of Mexico, and separated from Mex- ico by the Rio Grande ; area, 3,000 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 10,999, of whom 157 were colored. It is watered by several streams, which have an E. course, and contains part of Isla del Padre, which is separated from the mainland by a narrow body of water called Laguna de la Ma- dre. There are many lakes, several of which yield salt. The valley of the Rio Grande is fertile, but the remainder of the county is only adapted for grazing. The chief productions in 1870 were 38,487 bushels of Indian corn, 500 tons of hay, 14,450 Ibs. of wool, and 118 bales of cotton. There were 5,488 horses, 928 milch cows, 40,302 other cattle, 7,630 sheep, and 1,837 swine. Capital, Brownsville. CAMERON, John, a Scottish theologian, born at Glasgow about 1579, died at Montauban, France, about 1625. He was educated at the university of Glasgow, where at the age of 19 he lectured upon the Greek language, which he spoke with facility. In 1600 he went to France, became rector of the university of Bergerac, then for two years professor of philosophy at Sedan, whence he removed to Bordeaux. By a provision of the church here four students of theology were maintained from the church funds. Cameron was nominated one of these, and spent the next four years at Paris, Geneva, and Heidelberg. In 1608 he became pastor at Bordeaux, and in 1618 professor of theology at Saumur. The university being dispersed in 1 621 in consequence of the civil war in France, Cam- eron returned to Glasgow, where he was for a year regent of the university. He went back to France, and in 1624 became professor of theology at Montauban. The doctrine of pas- 145 VOL. in. 42 sive obedience, which he had promulgated, exposed him to the censures of many Protes- tants, and he withdrew to Moissac, but soon re- turned to Montauban, where he died of a wound given in the street by an unknown hand. He held some peculiar doctrines on the action of the will, which distinguished him from the Calvinists, and also from the AVminians. His theory of will was based on the position that it could only be acted on by motive appealing through the judgment or intellect. He also taught the universality of the effects of Christ's sacrifice, and was designated a Universalist. His followers were styled Amyraldists from his disciple Moise Amyraut, and also from him- self Cameronites. They are to be distinguish- ed from Cameronians. His works, including posthumous remains, were published at Ge- neva in 1658. CAMERON, Riehard, a Scottish preacher, found- er of the Cameronians, born in Falkland, Fife- shire, killed July 20, 1680. His father, a small shopkeeper, was an Episcopalian. Cameron followed for a time the same religious faith, and was appointed master of the parish school. This made him ex offleio the precentor of the parish church. But having heard some field preachers, he was converted to Presbyterian- ' ism. Resigning his office as parochial master, he was ordained as a field licentiate. The Presbyterians were at that time divided into two parties, on account of a bill denominated the indulgence, which, by making their wor- ship legal, was designed to harmonize them with the government and the established re- ligion. Some of the ministers accepted the indulgence ; others refused its protection, and opposed their brethren for acquiescence. Cam- eron soon became a powerful leader of the op- ponents, and when the government issued a proclamation to suppress them, he found it necessary to flee to Holland. He returned in 1680, renewed his hostility to the course of the government, and pushed his opposition to such an extreme that, soon after the defeat at Both- well Bridge, he marched into Sanquhar at the head of his troops, and formally declared war against the government. Near Aird's Moss his band was attacked by the royal troops ; he was killed, and his head and hands were cut off, car- ried to Edinburgh, and exposed on Netherbow Port. His name, first applied to his followers, has been since improperly extended to the per- secuted Scottish Presbyterians in general. CAMERON, Simon, an American senator, born in Lancaster co., Penn., March 8, 1799. He became a printer, and in 1820 the editor of a newspaper at Doylestown. In 1822 he re- moved to Harrishurg, where he edited a demo- cratic journal, became president of a bank, and subsequently of two railroad companies. In 1845 he was elected United States senator to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Buchanan, his term closing in 1849. He acted with the democratic party, voting in fa- vor of declaring that war existed with Mexico,