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CAMPBELL CAMPEACIIY 665 ertions, was at length successfully established ; he was chosen in 1826 lord rector of the uni- versity of Glasgow, to which office he was twice reelected; and in 1831 he started the " Metropolitan Magazine." He was severely stricken in 1831 by the capture of Warsaw and the total defeat of the Poles, the objects of his youthful enthusiasm ; and domestic calamities came to complete his desolation. " My wife is dead, my son is mad, and my harp unstrung," was the account which he gave of himself; and, with his delicate constitution broken, he found himself a prematurely old man, alone in the world. Yet he remained busy to the last, composed biographies of Mrs. Siddons and of Petrarch, travelled in Algeria, visited Germany again, and in 1843 removed to Boulogne, which he resolved to make his future residence. There he died, after a lingering sickness. Though he chastened his style to simplicity with laborious care, and polished his verses till they accorded with a fastidious and Greek taste, yet most of his lyrics and many portions of his two longest poems appeal to the popular mind and feeling, and are treasured in the memory like primitive songs and ballads. CAMPBELL, Lord William, the last royal gov- ernor of South Carolina, died Sept. 5, 1778. He was the third brother of the fifth duke of Ar- gyle, and in 1763 married a wealthy Carolina lady, sister of Ralph Izard. He was a captain in the navy, member of parliament in 1764, gov- ernor of Nova Scotia from 1766 to 1773, and in 1775 of South Carolina. He was active in fo- menting insurrectionary movements favorable to the crown among the border population and the Indians, for which he was expelled from the country by the patriots, and took refuge on board a British man-of-war. In this vessel he threatened the city of Charleston, but the guns of Fort Johnson forced him to retreat. He joined the expedition under Sir Peter Parker against the province, and in the attack on Charleston in 1776 received the wound of which he died two years afterward. CAMPBELL, William, an officer in the Ameri- can revolution, born in Augusta, Va., in 1745, died in the camp of Gen. Lafayette, at York- town, in 1781. He held a captain's commission in the Virginia line, among the earliest troops raised in that state. In 1778 he became lieu- tenant colonel of the Washington county mi- litia, and soon afterward colonel. After the battles of King's mountain and of Guilford, in both of which he greatly distinguished himself, he was promoted by the Virginia legislature to the rank of brigadier general. He joined La- fayette to oppose the invasion of Cornwallis, but died before the surrender at Yorktown. CAMPBELTOWN, a seaport and royal borough of Argyleshire, Scotland, on the E. coast of the peninsula of Cantire, 38 m. W. of Ayr; pop. in 1871, 6,628. It has many distilleries and malt kilns, and the inhabitants are extensively engaged in the herring fishery. Steamship lines connect it with Glasgow and with Ireland. CAMPE, Joachim Heinrleh, a German author and publisher, born at Deensen in 1746, died in Brunswick, Oct. 22, 1818. He studied theology at Helmstedt and at Halle, in 1773 was appointed chaplain in the Prussian army, and afterward became a teacher. In 1787 he was chosen by the government of Brunswick to superintend and reform the schools of that duchy. He became the head of a publishing house there, which issued his numerous works, and was afterward conducted by Vieweg, his son-in-law. Cainpe published Brief e aus Paris (1790) and a German dictionary (1807-'ll), but his reputation rests upon his numerous books of travel, and other books of instruction for the young. The 21st edition of his Entdeckung von Amerika was published in 1869. His Robinson der Jimgere, an imitation of De Foe's " Robinson Crusoe," was first published in 1779; in 1870 77 editions in German had been printed, and the work had been translated into most European languages. Both these books have also been translated into Hebrew. His biography by Hallier was published in 1862. CAMPEACHY, or Campeehe. I. A state of the Mexican republic, occupying the S. W. por- tion of the peninsula of Yucatan ; area, 26,090 sq. m. ; pop. according to a recent census about 90,000, a large proportion of whom are Indians. It is watered by the rivers San Fran- cisco, Champoton, and some other streams, all of which are small and unimportant; and there are a few small lakes. The soil is in general sandy, except in the forest regions and in the vicinity of the capital ; and there are some good pasture lands which support numer- ous herds of cattle, deer, &c. The chief produc- tions are salt, rice, and sugar ; and the industry is confined to the preparation of the fibres of the pita plant (ayave Americana), here called jenequea, which grows in prodigious quantities in all parts of the state. II. A city, capital of the state, and the principal seaport of Yucatan, on the W. shore of the peninsula, on the bay of Campeachy, and at the mouth of the river San Francisco, in lat. 20 5' N. and Ion. 90 16' W., 550 m. E. of the city of Mexico; pop. nearly 19,000. The streets are irregular, and the houses are remarkable for their uniform height (one story), their square form, and for being all built of a sort of limestone abundant in the neighborhood. Campeachy was founded near the middle of the 16th century; its site has since been twice changed, the present one being honeycombed with subterranean cham- bers, the handiwork of the Mazas Indians, ru- ins of many of whose structures are still visi- ble in the vicinity. It was sacked by the Brit- ish in 1659, suffered much by the pirate Lewis Scott in 1678, and by filibusters seven years la- ter. It is surrounded by walls, behind which rise in amphitheatre a succession of hills. The city has two churches, a number of convents, a museum in which are preserved some curious aboriginal relics, a theatre, several colleges and primary schools, and a public pleasure ground