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CANDAULES CANDIA 695 tame are camels, mules, and most of the do- mestic animals of Europe. A considerable transit trade is carried on, the road between India and Persia passing through the country. Candahar formed part of Persia, was for some time subjugated by the Mogul sovereigns of Delhi, and was again anffexed to Persia by Nadir Shah. On the death of this conqueror it became a province of eastern Afghanistan. The inhabitants are mostly Mohammedans of the Sunni sect. II. The principal city of the prov- ince, in Int. 32 37' N., Ion. 65 20' E., 280 m. S. E. of Herat, and 275 S. W. of Cabool ; pop. about 30,000. Xt is fortified, and a place of military and political importance. Formerly it was the capital of all Afghanistan, but in Candahar. 1774 the seat of sovereignty was transferred to Oabool. The city is well laid out, the streets are at right angles, and the four princi- pal streets, which are very wide, meet at a circular place in the centre of the city. The town is situated near the Urghundaub, and small channels of river water run through the main streets. In 1839 it was occupied by the British, who soon abandoned it ; in 1854 it was recovered by Dost Mohammed of Cabool ; and in 1858 it fell into the hands of Yakub Ehan of Herat. CAAUAILES. See GYGEB. CANDEISH, rumMi, h hainln-li. or Kbandesh, a district of British India, presidency of Bom- bay, division of Poonah, bounded N. by the territory of Holkar, E. and S. by the Nizam's dominions, and W. by Guzerat; area, 12,078 sq. m. ; pop. about 800,000. It is watered by the Nerbudda and the Taptee. In the 15th century Candeish was governed by independent sovereigns; toward the close of the 16th it was annexed to the Mogul empire. On the overthrow of the peishwa in 1818, it became a British possession. CAJfDl. See CANDY. CANDIA, or Crete (anc. Greta). I. An island forming the southern limit of the Grecian ar- chipelago, lying between the Morea on the N. W., Asia Minor on the N. E., and Africa on the S., and constituting the Turkish vilayet of Ghirit. It extends from E. to "W. about 160 m., across three fourths of the breadth of the -iEgean, which is entered on the western side of the island by the channel or strait of Ceri- gotto, and on the eastern by the strait of Scar- panto ; average breadth, 20 m. ; area, about 3,300 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 270,000, of whom 200,000 were Christians, 60,000 Mohammedans, 2,000 Jews, and the rest foreigners, chiefly French, Italians, and Austrians. The Moham- medans, Jews, and foreigners generally live in the cities, and the Christians in the villages. Throughout its entire length, it is nearly cen- trally ridged by a chain of mountains, which send off to the south spurs terminating in bluffs, rendering the S. coast inhospitable ; while to the north the spurs gradually slope to a low coast, forming several tolerable harbors, of which the principal are Canea, Retimo, Candia, and Suda, the last mentioned being the best the island affords, and the station for all foreign men-of-war. The mountain chain of Can- dia is naturally divided into three parts: the eastern, or ancient Dictsean mountains, now called Sitia; the western, or ancient Leuci (white) mountains, now the Sphakioto moun- tains; and the central chain, anciently called Ida, whose middle and principal peak is now known as the Psiloriti, rising to a height of 8,000 ft. above the sea. The coasts are very irregular, and are deeply indented by the spurs