Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/71

BONHEUB BONIFACE 65 the honor of first diffusing this important knowledge seems to belong entirely to the latter teacher. IIOMI 1)1 It. I. Rosalie (commonly called ROSA), a French painter, born at Bordeaux, March 22, 1822. Her first instructor in painting was her father, Raymond Bonheur, an artist of considerable merit; but she owes her remark- able success in the delineation of animals to a constant study of living subjects. Her first contribution to the French exhibition was made in 1841, when she sent two pictures, "Goats and Sheep " and " Two Rabbits." From that time she devoted herself to her favorite class of subjects, visiting stables, shambles, and fairs, and studying the structure and habits of ani- mals under all circumstances. The result of these studies was a series of pictures which gave her a reputation second to that of no art- ist in her special department. Among the most noted of her paintings are "The Horse for Sale," "Horses in a Meadow," "The Three Musketeers," "A Drove on theRoad," "Farm Labor in Nivernais," "Cows and Sheep in a Hollow Road," "The Horse Fair," "Deer Crossing an Open Space," and "Bucks in Re- pose." The "Ploughing in Nivernais" was placed in the Luxembourg, and the "Horse Fair" was a leading attraction at the exposi- tion of 1853. The artist worked 18 months on this latter picture, attending the "horse market in Paris regularly twice a week during the time. To the universal exposition of 1867 she sent ten pictures. Mile. Bonheur became di- rectress of the free school of design for girls at Paris in 1849, but has given little of her own time to its affairs, her sister Mme. Peyrol hav- ing actual charge of the institution. She has tried her hand at sculpture as well as painting, and in 1848 took a first class medal for a bronze group. She has received several other med- als and prizes, and in 1865 was decorated with the cross of the legion of honor. Her latest picture (1872) represents a fight be- tween a hyaena and a tiger. II. Anguste, a French artist, brother of the preceding, born in Bordeaux, Nov. 4, 1824. He studied under his father, and has painted landscape, genre, and cattle pieces, making rather a specialty of the last named department, besides a few por- traits. He has received a medal of the first class. III. .hilrs Isidore, a French sculptor, brother of the preceding, born in Bordeaux, May 15, 1827. He studied painting under his father, and at the same time gave much atten- tion to modelling in clay, choosing animals generally for his subjects. His first works pub- licly exhibited were a painting representing a combat between a lioness and a horseman, and a sculptured group illustrating the same subject. He soon after abandoned painting, and has since devoted himself exclusively to the pro- duction of single figures and groups, mostly in bronze, representing cattle, horses, dogs, and animals of the chase. IV. Juliette (Madame Peyrol), a French painter, sister of the pre- ceding, born in Paris, July 19, 1830. She has painted chiefly animals and rural subjects, and is her sister's chief assistant in the direction of the school of design for women at Paris. BONHOMJIE, a S. E. county of Dakota, sepa- rated from Nebraska on the south by the Mis- souri river ; area, about 400 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 608. The productions in 1870 were 1,930 bushels of wheat, 3,520 of Indian corn, 1,590 of oats, 2,870 of potatoes, and 1,315 tons of hay. BOXI, one of the principal states of the Bughis nation in the S. W. peninsula of Celebes, bounded E. by the gulf of Boni and W. by Macassar; area, 2,850 sq. m. ; pop. 180,000. The country is mountainous, Lompo-Batang (great pillar), 8,200 ft. high, being the loftiest peak on the island. Lake Labaya, in the N. W. corner of the territory, is a beautiful sheet of water, 24 m. long by 13 broad, and receives numerous small streams. The valleys and plains are fertile, and inhabited by a thrifty and industrious people. They carry on consid- erable traffic in gold dust, tortoise shell, pearl, camphor, nutmegs, and various drugs, and ob- tain European products from Batavia and Sin- gapore. The country is tributary to the Neth- erlands, but is governed by a king who is chosen for life by the chiefs of the eight petty states of which it is composed, and who can decide upon no important measure without their consent. The capital is the inconsiderable town of Boni, on the shores of the gulf, in lat. 4 22' S., Ion. 120 18' E. BONIFACE, the name of nine popes of the Roman Catholic church. I. Saint, the suc- cessor of Pope Zosimus in 418, died in 422. The emperor Honorius supported his claims to the pontifical chair against the archdeacon Eulalius, who was chosen by an opposition party supported by Symmachus. St. Augus- tine dedicated to this pontiff his four books against the Pelagians. II. Successor of Felix IV. in 530, died in 532. His election was dis- puted, bnt Dioscorus, the rival claimant, died, and the schism ended. III. A Greek, succes- sor of Sabinianus in March, 607, died in No- vember of the same year. He convoked a council of 72 bishops, in which certain laws were passed against choosing successors to popes or bishops during their lifetime, and obtained from the emperor Phocas the ac- knowledgment that the see of Rome had uni- versal supremacy. IV. Saint, son of a physician, successor of Boniface III., died probably in 615. He changed the Pantheon with the permission of the Byzantine emperor into a church, and his own house in the country of the Marsi into a monastery. V. A Neapolitan, successor of Pope Deusdedit in 619, died in 624 or 625. He forbade civil judges to take away from the churches by force those who claimed there the right of asylum. VI. Pope after Formo- sus in 896, occupied the throne only 15 days. Having been uncanonically elected by a popu- lar faction, he is sometimes regarded as one of the antipopes. VII. Franco, a cardinal deacon,