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786 CAREY ternal improvements which led to the construc- tion of the Pennsylvania canals; and he was active in promoting education, and in forming associations for the relief of those unable to help themselves. In 1833-'4 he contributed his au- tobiography to the " New England Magazine." CAEEY, William, an English missionary and oriental scholar, born in Paulerspury, North- amptonshire, Aug. 17, 1761, died at Seram- pore, India, in June, 1834. He was the founder, in connection with other ministers, of the first Baptist missionary society. In 1793 he de- voted himself personally to the missionary work, and embarked with his family for In- dia. After five years spent in preaching and studying the Bengalee and Sanskrit languages, he fixed the scene of his labors at Mudnabat- ty, but was not permitted by the Indian gov- ernment to make a permanent establishment there. He next removed to the Danish settle- ment of Serampore, where he established that large and successful missionary post of his de- nomination which has been the theatre not only of his own labors and death, hut of the toils of Ward and of Marshman, the English translator of Confucius. Carey became an un- remitting student of the oriental languages, and lived to see 40 different oriental dialects become the channels of transmission for Chris- tianity to as many tribes. In addition to these labors, he taught in the college of Fort William the Bengalee, Sanskrit, and Mahratta languages, and furnished to the Asiatic society, of which he was a member, many valuable papers on the natural history and botany of India. He pub- lished several works on the oriental languages, the most important being a Bengalee and Eng- lish dictionary (3 vols., 1815-'25). CARGILL, Donald, a Scotch Presbyterian and Covenanter, and a leader of the Cameronians in and after the Sanquhar declaration, born in the parish of Rattray, Perthshire, about 1610, executed in Edinburgh, July 27, 1681. He was educated at Aberdeen, and became minister of Barony parish of Glasgow some time after the division among the clergy in 1650. In 1661, refusing to accept collation from the arch- bishop and to celebrate the king's birthday, he was banished beyond the Tay, but paid no at- tention to the act. In 1668 he was called be- fore the council, and peremptorily commanded to depart. When indulgence was proclaimed to the Presbyterian ministers, he refused to accept it, and made a stand with others at Bothwell Bridge against the royal forces. He was severely wounded, and compelled to flee to Holland, but was again in Scotland in 1680, and, with a like-minded enthusiast named Hall, lurked around Queen's Ferry for several months, eluding the vigilance of the authori- ties, till Jnne 3, when both were arrested, and Hall was killed in the affray. On the person of Hall was found the violent paper known in the ecclesiastical history of Scotland as the " Queen's Ferry Covenant." On June 22, with Cameron and others, Oargill made the famous CARIA Sanquhar declaration. In September following, after he had preached to a congregation in the Torwood, between Falkirk and Stirling, he pronounced excommunication against the king and other state dignitaries, because they had usurped the supremacy of the pure church of Scotland. He was now excommunicated, and a reward set on his head. In May, 1681, he was apprehended at Covington, Lanarkshire, and taken to Edinburgh, where he was hanged and beheaded, for high treason. CARHEIL, Etlenne de, a Jesuit missionary among the Huron and Iroquois Indians in Can- ada. He first visited these tribes in 1668, ob- tained a complete mastery of their languages, and was regarded by the savages both as a saint and a man of genius. The date of his death is unknown, but he was still laboring with undiminished activity, though with little success, in 1721, when Charlevoix left Canada. CARIi, an ancient country situated in the S. W. extremity of Asia Minor, separated from Phrygia and Lydia by the Cadmus and Messogis mountains. It was intersected by low moun- tain chains, running far out into the sea, and forming several spacious bays. Among the headlands were Mycale or Trogilium, opposite Samos; Posidium, on which stood Miletus; the long tongue of land on the south side of which was Halicarnassus ; and the longer one at the outer extremity of which was Cnidus. The chief river was the Mseander. The valleys between the mountain chains were fertile, pro- ducing corn, grapes, oil, and figs. The Carians, according to Herodotus, were not the abori- ginal inhabitants of the region, but a branch of the Pelasgic race, originally seated in the islands of the ^Egean. When Minos had formed a navy and subdued the ^Egean isles, he transplanted them to Asia Minor. In af- ter times Greek colonies repelled the Carians from their coasts, and built cities on their promontories, the northern of which were then reckoned parts of Ionia, and the south- ern formed the territory called Doris; while the Lydian kings, Alyattes and Croesus, subdued the inland country. On the overthrow of the Lydian monarchy, Caria became subject to Persia, under a line of vassal kings and queens, including the two Artemisias, and ending with Ada, who had been deposed by the Persians, but was restored to the government by Alexan- der the Great. (See HALICARNASSUS.) Later the territory was successively annexed to the kingdoms of Egypt and of Syria. After the Romans had vanquished Antiochus, they gave Caria to the Rhodians and Attalus in reward of their fidelity and services as allies and on the conclusion of the Mithridatic war they ulti- mately annexed it to their proconsular prov- ince of Asia. The considerable cities of the country, Halicarnassus, Mylassa, Cnidus, and Miletus, were the work of Greeks, not of Ca- rians. The Carians had the same religion as the Lydians and Mysians. Their language was accounted barbarous by the Greeks.