Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/804

794 CARLOVITZ CARLSBAD extinct house of Charlemagne those of Saxony and Franconia succeeded. The Carlovingian kings of France are styled the second race of the Prankish kings, and succeeded the Merovingi- ans. They were Pepin the Short, 752-768; Charlemagne, 768-814; Louis le Debonnaire, 814-840; Charles the Bald, 840-877; Louis the Stammerer, 877-879 ; Louis III. and Carlo- man, 879-884; Charles the Fat of Germany, 884-887 ; Charles III., the Simple, 893-923 ; Louis IV., d'Outre-mer (Ultramar inui), 936- 954; Lothaire, 954-986; Louis V., the Idle, 986-987. On the death of this prince Hugh Capet was elected king by the nation, to the exclusion of the lawful heir, Charles, duke of Lorraine, the uncle of Louis V. Hugh was the head of the third dynasty, called after him Capetians. The Carlovingians who acted as kings of Italy were Charlemagne, 774-781 ; Pepin, his son, 781-810; Bernard, 812-818; Louis le Debonnaire of France, 818-820; Lo- thaire, 820-855 ; Louis II., 855-875 ; Charles the Bald of France, 875-877; Charles the Fat of Germany, 880-888 ; Berenger (Guy of Spo- leto, his rival), 888-894 and 905-924 ; Lam- bert, 894-898 ; Louis, 900-905 ; Hugh of Pro- vence, 926-947; Lothaire, 945-950; Berenger II. and Adalbert, 950-961. On the death of Adalbert, the kingdom of Italy was united by Otho the Great to the German empire. CABLOV1TZ (Slavic, Karlovic ; Hun. Karlo- vicz), a town of Transleithan Austria, in the Slavonian division of the Military Frontier, on the Danube, 8 m. S. of Peterwardein ; pop. in 1869, 4,419. It has a cathedral, three church- es, an Oriental Greek gymnasium, and a Roman Catholic academy. There is a brisk transit trade and fisheries, and an extensive export trade in wormwood and wine, the quantity of the lat- ter exported in some years amounting to 1,800,- 000 gallons. The neighboring vineyards yield excellent qualities of Hungarian wines. The Car- lovitz red wines are especially renowned. The town is the seat of a Greek archbishop. A peace was concluded here in 1699, for the term of 25 years, betweeji Austria, Poland, Russia, Ven- ice, and Turkey, by the mediation of England and the Netherlands. By the terms of this treaty, Austria received Transylvania and most of the Turkish possessions in Hungary ; Russia, Azov ; Poland received back Podolia and the Ukraine, but ceded some Moldavian towns; Venice retained the Morea, and Turkey re- mained in possession of the banat of Temesvar. During the revolutionary era of 1848-'9, Car- lovitz and its vicinity were the focus of the Serb rebellion against Hungary, and the theatre of collisions between the Serbs and the Ma- gyars and the latter and the Austrians. CARLOW (originally CatherlogJi). I. A S. E. county of Ireland, in the province of Leinster, bounded by the counties Wicklow, Wexford, Kilkenny, and Queen's ; area, 346 sq. m. ; pop. in 1871, 51,472. It is level except on the south, where the Blackstairs and Mt. Leinster ranges give a nigged character to the district. The rivers are the Slaney and the Barrow. The county is of granite formation, covered in the plains by beds of gravel, and cropping out in the eminences of Mt. Leinster and the Black- stairs. It is well known for its agri-cultural character and produce. Out of the whole area of the county there are but 23,000 acres uncul- tivated, and cereals, roots, and green crops grow luxuriantly. It is one of the principal dairy counties of Ireland. The history of the county is, from its central position, closely connected with that of the English conquest and the Irish struggles to recover their independence. In 1798 Carlow was the seat of important move- ments. The antiquities are the cromlechs and the cathedral at Old Leighlin, a castle of the Butlers at Clonmore in fine preservation, and several other remains in various parts of the county. The chief towns are Carlow, Tullow, and Bagnalstown. II. A parliamentary borough, town, parish, and capital of the county, at the confluence of the Burren with the Barrow, 44 m. S. W. of Dublin ; pop. of the borough in 1871, 7,773. The principal edifices are a fine court house, a jail, a parish church, a Roman Catholic cathedral and college, two nunneries, a lunatic asylum, infirmary, hospital, workhouse, bar- racks, and two bridges. There are several diocesan and national schools. The popula- tion are largely engaged in the provision trade. There are several flour mills and malt houses, and it is an important market for agricultural produce. The castle, of which the remains are still extant, built in the 12th century, was the nucleus of the town, which was made a borough in 1208. CARLSBAD, or Karlsbad, a town of Bohemia, 70 m. W. N. W. of Prague; pop. in 1870, 7,276. It is situated in a narrow and pic- turesque valley on the Topi, near its conflu- ence with the Eger, and is neatly built. It is famous as a watering place, taking its name from the emperor Charles IV., who in the middle of the 14th century was the first to avail himself of the healing power of the springs, and whose statue adorns the mar- ket place. Next to Charles IV., the greatest benefactor of the town was a Scotch nobleman, the earl of Findlater and Seafield, who laid out some beautiful parks. An obelisk in his honor has been erected in a beautiful wood adjoining the town. The chief ingredients of the springs are sulphate of soda, carbonate of soda, and common salt; the principal springs are the Sprudel, Muhlbrunnen, Neubrunnen, There- sienbrunnen, and Schlossbrunnen, having re- spectively a temperature of from 165 to 118 F. The waters are efficacious in liver and kidney diseases, and in a variety of other complaints. They are exported to distant places, without being deteriorated by the jour- ney. In 1853 a new spring was discovered by Dr. Mannl, containing carbonic and phos- phatic oxide of iron. In August, 1819, a con- gress was convened at Carlsbad by the German powers, principally with a view of crushing the