Page:The American Cyclopædia (1879) Volume III.djvu/89

BOONE 83 were 3,740 horses, 3,636 milch cows, 5,844 other cattle, 11,788 sheep, and 10,182 swine. Capital, Boonesboro. VII. A N. E. county of Missouri, bounded S. W. by the Missouri river; area, 648 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 20,765, of whom 4,038 were colored. The Northern Missouri railroad and the Columbia branch pass through the county. The surface is slightly uneven, and consists mainly of prairies interspersed with forests. The soil is uni- formly productive. Stone coal and limestone are the principal minerals. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 235,750 bushels of wheat, 1,096,114 of Indian corn, 260,019 of oats, 149,- 634 Ibs. of tobacco, and 74,552 of wool. There were 7,218 horses, 2,709 mules and asses, 5,441 rnilch cows, 9,541 other cattle, 21,037 sheep, and 30,169 swine. Capital, Columbia. BOONE, Daniel, an American pioneer, born in Bucks co., Penn., Feb. 11, 1735, died atCharette, Mo., Sept. 26, 1820. His father, Squire Boone, came from England and took up his residence in a frontier settlement in Pennsylvania, where Daniel received the merest rudiments of edu- cation, but became thoroughly familiar with the arts and hardships of pioneer life. When he was 18 years old the family moved to the banks of the river Yadkin in North Carolina, where he married Rebecca Bryan and passed some years as a farmer. He made several hunting excursions into the wilderness, and finally in 1769 set out with five others to ex- plore the border region of Kentucky. They halted on the Red river, a branch of the Ken- tucky, where they hunted for several months. In December, 1769, Boone and a companion named Stewart were captured by the Indians, but escaped, and Boone was soon after joined by his brother. They were captured again, and Stewart was killed ; but Boone escaped, and, his brother going shortly after to North Caro- lina, he was left alone for several weeks in the wilderness, with only his rifle for a means of support. He was rejoined by his brother, and they continued their explorations till March, 1771, when they returned home with the spoils which they had collected. In 1773 he sold his farm and set out with his family and two brothers and five other families to make his home in Kentucky. They were inter- cepted by Indians and forced to retreat to the Clinch river near the border of Virginia, where they remained for some time, Boone in the meanwhile conducting a party of surveyors into Kentucky for the governor of Virginia. He was afterward appointed, with the com- mission of a captain, to command three gar- risons on the Ohio, to keep back the hostile Indians, and in 1775 was employed to lay out lands in Kentucky for the Transylvania com- pany. He erected a stockade tort on the Ken- tucky river, which he called Boonesborough, and removed his family to the new settlement, where he was again employed in command of a force to repel the Indians. In 1778 he went to the Blue Licks to obtain salt for the settle- ment, and was captured and taken to Detroit. His knowledge of the Indian character enabled him to gain favor with his captors, and he was adopted into one of their families. Discovering a plan laid by the British for an Indian attack upon Boonesborough, he contrived to escape and set out for the Kentucky settlement, which he reached in less than five days. His family, supposing that he was dead, had returned to North Carolina, but he at once put the gar- rison in order and successfully repelled the attack which was soon made. He was court- martialled for surrendering his party at the Licks, and for endeavoring to make a treaty with the Indians before the attack on the fort; but conducting his own defence, he was ac- quitted and promoted to the rank of major. In 1780 he brought his family back to Boones- borough, and continued to live there till 1792. At that time Kentucky was admitted into the Union as a state, and much litigation arose about the titles of settlers to their lands. Boone, losing all his possessions for want of a clear title, retired in disgust into the wilder- ness of Missouri, settling on the Femme Osage river, 45 m. W. of St. Louis, where he lived from 1795 to 1804. This region was then un- der the dominion of Spain, and he was ap- pointed commandant of the Femme Osage dis- trict and received a large tract of land for his services, which he also lost subsequently be- cause he failed to make his title good. His claim to another tract of land was confirmed by congress in 1812 in consideration of his emi- nent public services. The latter years of his life he spent in Missouri with his son-in-law Flanders Callaway. The only original portrait of Boone hi existence was painted by Mr. Ches- ter Harding in 1820, and now hangs in the state house of Kentucky. The remains of Boone and his wife were exhumed in 1845 and depos- ited with appropriate ceremonies in the ceme- tery of Frankfort, Ky. An account of Boone's adventures, as related by himself, was written out by John Filson (1784), and reprinted in the supplement to Finlay's "Description of the j Western Territory " (1793). There is a life of Boone by John M. Peck in Sparks's " Library of American Biography." Lives of him have also been written by Timothy Flint, W. II. Bo- gart, and J. 8. C. Abbott. BOONE, William Jones, D. D., first missionary bishop of the Protestant Episcopal church at Shanghai, China, born in South Carolina, July 1, 1813, died at Shanghai, July 17, 1864. He graduated at the college of South Carolina, stud- ied law under Chancellor De Saussure, and was admitted to the bar, but soon after studied for the ministry at the theological seminary of Virginia, and was ordained in 1835. During the following two years he studied medicine at the South Carolina medical college, and receiv- ed his degree in 1837. Appointed early the same year a missionary to China, he sailed with his wife, and reached Batavia in October. He thenceforward devoted all his energies to th